{"id":1154,"date":"2021-02-14T10:43:50","date_gmt":"2021-02-14T01:43:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/skyit.biz\/?p=1154"},"modified":"2021-02-14T11:42:05","modified_gmt":"2021-02-14T02:42:05","slug":"oracle-bronze-12c-sql%e5%9f%ba%e7%a4%8e-%ef%bd%90ingt%e8%a7%a3%e8%aa%ac2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/skyit.biz\/?p=1154","title":{"rendered":"Oracle Bronze 12c SQL\u57fa\u790e \uff30ingt\u89e3\u8aac2"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u25a0\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u306e\u547d\u540d\u898f\u5247
\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u540d\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u547d\u540d\u898f\u5247\u306b\u5f93\u3046\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30fb\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u540d\u306f30\u30d0\u30a4\u30c8\u4ee5\u4e0b
\u30fb\u4f7f\u7528\u3067\u304d\u308b\u6587\u5b57\u306f\u30010~9,A~Z,a~z(\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u74b0\u5883\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u6f22\u5b57,\u3072\u3089\u304c\u306a,\u30ab\u30bf\u30ab\u30ca\u3082\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef)
\u30fb\u4f7f\u7528\u3067\u304d\u308b\u8a18\u53f7\u306f\u3001_,$,#\u306e\u307f
\u30fb\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u540d\u306e\u5148\u982d\u306e\u6587\u5b57\u306f\u3001\u6570\u5b57,\u8a18\u53f7\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u6587\u5b57
\u30fbOracle\u306e\u4e88\u7d04\u8a9e\u306f\u4f7f\u7528\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3053\u306e\u4ed6\u3001\u540c\u4e00\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u5185\u3067\u306f\u91cd\u8907\u3059\u308b\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u540d\u306f\u4f7f\u7528\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u30a2\u30eb\u30d5\u30a1\u30d9\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u5927\u6587\u5b57\u3068\u5c0f\u6587\u5b57\u306f\u533a\u5225\u3055\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25bc\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u4f8b\uff09
\u30fb2012DEPT
\u30fb[employees]
\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u540d\u306e\u5148\u982d\u306e\u6587\u5b57\u306b\u6570\u5b57\u3084\u8a18\u53f7\u306f\u4f7f\u7528\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001”[]”\u306f\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u540d\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
           <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u30fb\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8
\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306b\u683c\u7d0d\u3067\u304d\u308b\u8868\u3084\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u306a\u3069\u3092\u7dcf\u79f0\u3057\u3066\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u30fb\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3068\u8a00\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u30fb\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u306f\u5fc5\u305a\u3044\u305a\u308c\u304b\u306e\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u306b\u6240\u6709\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u30fb\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3068\u3082\u547c\u3070\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u4e3b\u306a\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u30fb\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3068\u304a\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u3068\u306f\u3001\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u306e\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3092\u8868\u3059\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306a\u6982\u5ff5\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u306f\u5fc5\u305a1\u3064\u306e\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u3092\u6240\u6709\u3057
(\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u540d\u306f\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u540d\u3068\u540c\u3058\u540d\u524d\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059)\u3001\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u304c\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u305f\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u304c\u6240\u6709\u3059\u308b\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u306b\u683c\u7d0d\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u306f\u5225\u306e\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u304c\u6240\u6709\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u540d.\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u540d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u540d\u306e\u524d\u306b\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u540d\u3092\u3064\u3051\u3066\u3001\u3069\u306e\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u306e\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u81ea\u8eab\u304c\u6709\u3059\u308b\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u540d\u3092\u7701\u7565\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u540d\u3092\u7701\u7565\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u30ed\u30b0\u30a4\u30f3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u306e\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u5185\u306e\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u306a\u304a\u3001\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u540d\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u547d\u540d\u898f\u5247\u306b\u5f93\u3046\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fb\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u540d\u306f30\u30d0\u30a4\u30c8\u4ee5\u4e0b
\u30fb\u4f7f\u7528\u3067\u304d\u308b\u6587\u5b57\u306f\u30010~9,A~Z,a~z(\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u74b0\u5883\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u6f22\u5b57,\u3072\u3089\u304c\u306a,\u30ab\u30bf\u30ab\u30ca\u3082\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef)
\u30fb\u4f7f\u7528\u3067\u304d\u308b\u8a18\u53f7\u306f\u3001_,$,#\u306e\u307f
\u30fb\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u540d\u306e\u5148\u982d\u306e\u6587\u5b57\u306f\u3001\u6570\u5b57,\u8a18\u53f7\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u6587\u5b57
\u30fbOracle\u306e\u4e88\u7d04\u8a9e\u306f\u4f7f\u7528\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3053\u306e\u4ed6\u3001\u30a2\u30eb\u30d5\u30a1\u30d9\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u5927\u6587\u5b57\u3068\u5c0f\u6587\u5b57\u306f\u533a\u5225\u3055\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
\u307e\u305f\u3001\u540c\u4e00\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u5185\u3067\u306f\u91cd\u8907\u3059\u308b\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u540d\u306f\u4f7f\u7528\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093
(\u7570\u306a\u308b\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u3067\u306f\u540c\u3058\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u540d\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u540d\u306f\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u5185\u3067\u4e00\u610f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u5185\u306e\u8868\u3084\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u306b\u540c\u3058\u540d\u524d\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u7570\u306a\u308b\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u540c\u58eb\u3067\u306f\u540c\u3058\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u540d\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u5185\u3067\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u540d\u306f\u4e00\u610f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u7570\u306a\u308b\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u540c\u58eb\u3067\u306f\u540c\u3058\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u540d\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u5217\u540d\u306f\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u30fb\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3067\u306f\u7121\u3044\u70ba\u3001\u8868\u540d\u3068\u540c\u3058\u540d\u524d\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53c2\u8003\uff1a
\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306b\u683c\u7d0d\u3067\u304d\u308b\u8868\u3084\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u306a\u3069\u3092\u7dcf\u79f0\u3057\u3066\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u30fb\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3068\u8a00\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u30fb\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u306f\u5fc5\u305a\u3044\u305a\u308c\u304b\u306e\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u306b\u6240\u6709\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u30fb\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3068\u3082\u547c\u3070\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u4e3b\u306a\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u30fb\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3068\u304a\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u30fb\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3068\u306f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306b\u683c\u7d0d\u3059\u308b\u8868\u3084\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u306a\u3069\u306e\u7dcf\u79f0\u3067\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u306b\u6240\u6709\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002
\u8a18\u61b6\u57df\u3084\u30ed\u30fc\u30eb\u3001\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u7b49\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u5168\u4f53\u3067\u5171\u6709\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306f\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u30fb\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0ALTER TABLE\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066
\u25bc\u4f8b\uff09
ALTER TABLE employees2 READ ONLY;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8a2d\u554f\u306eSQL\u6587\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001EMPLOYEES2\u8868\u306f\u8aad\u53d6\u308a\u5c02\u7528\u30e2\u30fc\u30c9\u306b\u5909\u66f4\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u8aad\u53d6\u308a\u5c02\u7528\u30e2\u30fc\u30c9\u306e\u8868\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u8ffd\u52a0\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u3001\u524a\u9664\u306f\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u8868\u306e\u524a\u9664\u306f\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
ALTER TABLE\u6587\u3067\u306f\u3001\u65e2\u5b58\u306e\u5217\u3078\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u5024\u3092\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u2461\u3067\u306f\u3001SALARY\u5217\u306e\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u5024\u3092200000\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001
\u3053\u306e\u5909\u66f4\u304c\u53cd\u6620\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306e\u306fALTER TABLE\u6587\u306e\u5f8c\u306b\u633f\u5165\u3055\u308c\u308b\u884c\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3059\u3002
\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u5024\u304c\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u4ee5\u524d\u306e\u2460\u3067\u633f\u5165\u3057\u305f\u884c\u306eSALARY\u5217\u306fNULL\u5024\u306e\u307e\u307e\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
ALTER TABLE\u6587\u306e\u5f8c\u306e\u2462\u306eINSERT\u6587\u3067\u306fSALARY\u5217\u304c\u7701\u7565\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u5024\u306e200000\u304c\u5165\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u25bcALTER TABLE\u6587\u3067\u3001\u65e2\u5b58\u306e\u8868\u306e\u5217\u306e\u524a\u9664\u3092\u884c\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000ALTER TABLE \u8868\u540d DROP ( \u5217\u540d [, \u5217\u540d…]) [CASCADE CONSTRAINTS];<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u203b1\u3064\u306e\u5217\u306e\u307f\u524a\u9664\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u69cb\u6587\u3082\u4f7f\u7528\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3000ALTER TABLE \u8868\u540d DROP COLUMN \u5217\u540d [CASCADE CONSTRAINTS];
\u4f8b\uff09
ALTER TABLE child DROP (id);
ALTER TABLE parent DROP COLUMN id CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u5217\u306e\u524a\u9664\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9805\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u30fb\u524a\u9664\u3057\u305f\u5217\u306f\u623b\u305b\u306a\u3044
\u30fb\u8868\u306b\u306f\u6700\u4f4e1\u3064\u306e\u5217\u3092\u6b8b\u3059\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b
\u30fb\u4ed6\u304b\u3089\u53c2\u7167\u3055\u308c\u308b\u53c2\u7167\u6574\u5408\u6027\u5236\u7d04\u306e\u89aa\u8868\u306e\u5217\u306fCASCADE CONSTRAINTS\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b
\u30fb\u5217\u306b\u591a\u304f\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u524a\u9664\u306b\u6642\u9593\u304c\u304b\u304b\u308b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u8868\u306e\u4f5c\u6210\u6642\u306b\u3001\u5217\u306bDEFAULT\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3068\u305d\u306e\u5217\u306e\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u5024\u3092\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
DEFAULT\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u306f\u5f0f\u3084\u95a2\u6570\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u5217\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3059\u308b\u5f0f\u306f\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u65e2\u5b58\u306e\u8868\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3092\u5909\u66f4\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306fALTER TABLE\u6587\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
ALTER TABLE\u6587\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u64cd\u4f5c\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u30fb\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u5217\u306e\u8ffd\u52a0
\u30fb\u65e2\u5b58\u306e\u5217\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u306e\u5909\u66f4
\u30fb\u65e2\u5b58\u306e\u5217\u3078\u306e\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u5024\u306e\u8a2d\u5b9a
\u30fb\u65e2\u5b58\u306e\u5217\u3078\u306e\u5236\u7d04\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9
\u30fb\u65e2\u5b58\u306e\u5217\u306e\u524a\u9664
\u30fb\u65e2\u5b58\u306e\u5217\u540d\u306e\u5909\u66f4
\u30fb\u8868\u306e\u30e2\u30fc\u30c9\u5909\u66f4(\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u308a\/\u66f8\u304d\u8fbc\u307f\u30e2\u30fc\u30c9\u3001\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u308a\u5c02\u7528\u30e2\u30fc\u30c9)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f8b\uff09\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u524a\u9664\u306e\u4f8b\uff09\u6b21\u306eSQL\u6587\u3067PARENT\u8868\u3068CHILD\u8868\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000CREATE TABLE parent
\u3000(
\u3000\u3000id NUMBER(2) CONSTRAINT pid_pk PRIMARY KEY,
\u3000\u3000dept_name VARCHAR2(10)
\u3000);<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000CREATE TABLE child
\u3000(
\u3000\u3000id NUMBER(2) CONSTRAINT cid_pk PRIMARY KEY,
\u3000\u3000name VARCHAR2(10) CONSTRAINT cname_uq UNIQUE,
\u3000\u3000deptid NUMBER(2) CONSTRAINT dept_fk REFERENCES parent (id) ON DELETE SET NULL
\u3000);<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6b21\u306eSQL\u6587\u306e\u5b9f\u884c\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u3082\u306e\u306f\u3069\u308c\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000DROP TABLE parent PURGE;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
FOREIGN KEY\u5236\u7d04\u306e\u89aa\u8868\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8868\u306f\u3001\u53c2\u7167\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u884c\u304c\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3082\u524a\u9664\u3067\u304d\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u89aa\u8868\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5b50\u8868\u3092\u5148\u306b\u524a\u9664\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
\u8a2d\u554f\u3067\u306f\u3001CHILD\u8868\u304cPARENT\u8868\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001PARENT\u8868\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3059\u308b\u524d\u306bCHILD\u8868\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
PARENT\u8868\u3092\u5148\u306b\u524a\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3068\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5217\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5217\u306e\u7d44\u5408\u305b\u306bUNIQUE\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5217\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5217\u306e\u7d44\u5408\u305b\u306b\u91cd\u8907\u3057\u305f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u767b\u9332\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u305f\u3060\u3057NULL\u5024\u306f\u767b\u9332\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3001\u8907\u6570\u306e\u884c\u306bNULL\u5024\u3092\u767b\u9332\u3059\u308b\u4e8b\u3082\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8907\u6570\u306e\u5217\u306e\u7d44\u5408\u305b\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066UNIQUE\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u8868\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
UNIQUE\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u81ea\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u5236\u7d04\u3068\u540c\u3058\u540d\u524d\u306e\u4e00\u610f\u7d22\u5f15\u304c\u4f5c\u6210\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
[\u7d22\u5f15\u306e\u78ba\u8a8d\u65b9\u6cd5]
\u30ed\u30b0\u30a4\u30f3\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u304c\u6240\u6709\u3059\u308b\u7d22\u5f15(\u81ea\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u4f5c\u6210\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7d22\u5f15\u3092\u542b\u3080)\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u8abf\u3079\u308b\u306b\u306f\u3001
USER_IND_COLUMNS\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30fb\u30c7\u30a3\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30ca\u30ea\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
USER_IND_COLUMNS\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30fb\u30c7\u30a3\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30ca\u30ea\u306b\u306f\u7d22\u5f15\u540d\u3084\u7d22\u5f15\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u305f\u8868\u540d\u3001\u5217\u540d\u306a\u3069\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u304c\u767b\u9332\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u8a2d\u554f\u306ePARENT\u8868\u306eID\u5217\u306f\u3001CHILD\u8868\u306eDEPTID\u5217\u304b\u3089FOREIGN KEY\u5236\u7d04(\u53c2\u7167\u6574\u5408\u6027\u5236\u7d04\u3068\u3082\u547c\u3070\u308c\u307e\u3059)\u306e\u89aa\u30ad\u30fc\u3068\u3057\u3066
\u53c2\u7167\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u53c2\u7167\u3059\u308b\u5074\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3001\u5b50\u30ec\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u89aa\u30ec\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u5148\u306b\u5b50\u30ec\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3001FOREIGN KEY\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u7121\u52b9\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u89aa\u30ec\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3082\u3057\u304f\u306f\u3001CHILD\u8868\u306eFOREIGN KEY\u5236\u7d04\u306bON DELETE\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u518d\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u3001\u89aa\u30ec\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u524a\u9664\u6642\u306e\u51e6\u7406\u3092\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ALTER TABLE\u6587\u3067\u65e2\u5b58\u306e\u8868\u306e\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u7121\u52b9\u5316\u3001\u3082\u3057\u304f\u306f\u6709\u52b9\u5316\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000ALTER TABLE \u8868\u540d DISABLE | ENABLE CONSTRAINT \u5236\u7d04\u540d;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f8b\uff09TBL\u524a\u9664\u3059\u308b\u524d\u306b\u884c\u3046SQL
ALTER TABLE child DISABLE CONSTRAINT dept_fk;
DELETE FROM child WHERE deptid = 1;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u53c2\u7167\u6574\u5408\u6027\u5236\u7d04\u306e\u89aa\u30ad\u30fc\u306e\u5236\u7d04\u306f\u7121\u52b9\u306b\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
ALTER TABLE\u6587\u3067\u3001\u65e2\u5b58\u306e\u5217\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u3001\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u3001\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u5024\u3092\u5909\u66f4\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000ALTER TABLE \u8868\u540d MODIFY ( \u5217\u540d [\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b(\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba)] [DEFAULT \u5024] [, \u5217\u540d …]);<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5217\u306e\u5909\u66f4\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u30ac\u30a4\u30c9\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u30fb\u5217\u306bNULL\u5024\u306e\u307f\u304c\u683c\u7d0d\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u3092\u5909\u66f4\u3067\u304d\u308b
\u30fb\u5217\u306b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5217\u306e\u5909\u66f4\u5f8c\u3082\u683c\u7d0d\u3067\u304d\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u3084\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u5909\u66f4\u3067\u304d\u308b
\u3000[OK\u4f8b] CHAR(10) \u2192 VARCHAR2(20), VARCHAR2(20)\u306b10\u30d0\u30a4\u30c8\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u6587\u5b57\u304c\u683c\u7d0d\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b \u2192 CHAR(10)
\u3000[NG\u4f8b] CHAR(20)\u306b10\u30d0\u30a4\u30c8\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u6587\u5b57\u304c\u683c\u7d0d\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b \u2192 VARCHAR2(10)
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u203bCHAR\u578b\u306f\u56fa\u5b9a\u9577\u306e\u305f\u3081\u300c10\u30d0\u30a4\u30c8\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u6587\u5b57 + \u7a7a\u767d = 20\u30d0\u30a4\u30c8\u300d\u3067\u683c\u7d0d\u3055\u308c\u308b
\u30fb\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u5024\u306e\u5909\u66f4\u306f\u3001\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u884c\u306e\u633f\u5165\u6642\u306b\u53cd\u6620\u3055\u308c\u308b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
PROD3\u8868\u306eSTATUS\u5217\u306fVARCHAR2(20)\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u53ef\u5909\u9577\u306a\u306e\u3067\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u306f\u683c\u7d0d\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300cFOR SALE\u300d\u5206\u306e8\u30d0\u30a4\u30c8\u3067\u3059\u3002
8\u30d0\u30a4\u30c8\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070VARCHAR2\u578b\u3068CHAR\u578b\u306e\u3069\u3061\u3089\u306b\u3082\u5909\u66f4\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u3092\u5909\u66f4\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u5217\u306bNULL\u5024\u306e\u307f\u304c\u683c\u7d0d\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4f8b\uff09VARCHAR2(20) >>> NUMBER(30)\u306a\u3069
\u65e2\u5b58\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3088\u308a\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u306b\u306f\u7e2e\u5c0f\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u4f8b\uff09VARCHAR2(20) >>> VARCHAR2(5)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ALTER TABLE\u6587\u3067\u65e2\u5b58\u306e\u8868\u306e\u5217\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u5217\u306e\u524a\u9664\u4e2d\u306f\u8868\u306b\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u304c\u304b\u304b\u308a\u3001
\u5217\u306b\u591a\u304f\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u524a\u9664\u306b\u6642\u9593\u304c\u304b\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u591a\u304f\u306e\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u304c\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308b\u6642\u9593\u5e2f\u306b\u8ca0\u8377\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u524a\u9664\u51e6\u7406\u3092\u884c\u3044\u305f\u304f\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001
\u524a\u9664\u3057\u305f\u3044\u5217\u306bUNUSED\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u3092\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u306b\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000ALTER TABLE \u8868\u540d SET UNUSED ( \u5217\u540d [, \u5217\u540d…]) [CASCADE CONSTRAINTS];<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u203b1\u3064\u306e\u5217\u306e\u307fUNUSED\u306b\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u69cb\u6587\u3082\u4f7f\u7528\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3000ALTER TABLE \u8868\u540d SET UNUSED COLUMN \u5217\u540d [CASCADE CONSTRAINTS];<\/p>\n\n\n\n
UNUSED\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u5217\u306f\u3001\u6b21\u306eALTER TABLE\u6587\u3067\u524a\u9664\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u8ca0\u8377\u306e\u4f4e\u3044\u6642\u9593\u5e2f\u306b\u884c\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000ALTER TABLE \u8868\u540d DROP UNUSED COLUMNS;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SET UNUSED\u53e5\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9805\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u30fbUNUSED\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u5217\u306f\u623b\u305b\u305a\u3001DESCRIBE\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u306a\u3069\u3067\u5217\u540d\u3084\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3067\u304d\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308b
\u30fbUNUSED\u306b\u3057\u305f\u5217\u306b\u4f5c\u6210\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7d22\u5f15\u3084\u5236\u7d04\u306f\u524a\u9664\u3055\u308c\u308b
\u30fbUNUSED\u306b\u3057\u305f\u5217\u3068\u540c\u3058\u540d\u524d\u306e\u5217\u3092\u8868\u306b\u8ffd\u52a0\u3067\u304d\u308b
\u30fbUNUSED\u306b\u3057\u305f\u5217\u306e\u8868\u540d\u3068\u5217\u6570\u306f\u300cUSER_UNUSED_COL_TABS\u300d\u30c7\u30a3\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30ca\u30ea\u3067\u78ba\u8a8d\u3067\u304d\u308b
\u30fb\u8868\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u305f\u30b7\u30ce\u30cb\u30e0\u306e\u518d\u4f5c\u6210\u306f\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u3044
\u30fbUNUSED\u306b\u3057\u305f\u5217\u3092\u542b\u3080\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u306f\u7121\u52b9\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
UNUSED\u64cd\u4f5c\u306f\u53d6\u6d88\u3057\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
UNUSED\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u5217\u306f\u524a\u9664\u3057\u305f\u5217\u3068\u540c\u3058\u6271\u3044\u306b\u306a\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001SET UNUSED\u53e5\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u305f\u76f4\u5f8c\u304b\u3089\u540c\u3058\u540d\u524d\u306e\u5217\u3092\u8868\u306b\u8ffd\u52a0\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u8868\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u305f\u30b7\u30ce\u30cb\u30e0\u306b\u306f\u3001\u518d\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u6b63\u5e38\u306b\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bcALTER TABLE\u6587\u3067\u306f\u3001\u65e2\u5b58\u306e\u5217\u3078\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u203b\u65b0\u3057\u304f\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u305f\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u3067\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306f\u307e\u3060\u672a\u5165\u529b\u72b6\u614b\u3067\u3001\u4e0b\u8a18\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u5b9f\u884c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002
\u30fbALTER TABLE emp7 ADD CONSTRAINT pk_empid PRIMARY KEY (employee_id);
employee_id\u5217\u306bPRIMARY KEY\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u8ffd\u52a0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fbALTER TABLE emp7 MODIFY salary CONSTRAINT nn_sal NOT NULL;
MODIFY\u53e5\u3067salary\u5217\u306bNOT NULL\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u8ffd\u52a0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fbALTER TABLE emp7 MODIFY (hiredate DEFAULT SYSDATE);
MODIFY\u53e5\u3067hiredate\u5217\u306e\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u5024\u3092SYSDATE\u306b\u5909\u66f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u4f8b\uff09 \u203b\u65b0\u3057\u304f\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u305f\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u3067\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306f\u307e\u3060\u672a\u5165\u529b\u72b6\u614b\u3067\u3001\u4e0b\u8a18\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u306f\u3001\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002
\u30fbALTER TABLE emp7 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_dept FOREIGN KEY (department_id);
department_id\u5217\u306bFOREIGN KEY\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u8ffd\u52a0\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001REFERENCES\u53e5\u3067\u53c2\u7167\u5148\u306e\u8868\u3068\u5217\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u4f8b\uff09 \u203b\u65b0\u3057\u304f\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u305f\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u3067\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306f\u307e\u3060\u672a\u5165\u529b\u72b6\u614b\u3067\u3001\u4e0b\u8a18\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u306f\u3001\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002
\u30fbALTER TABLE emp7 ADD CONSTRAINT nn_sal NOT NULL(salary);
NOT NULL\u5236\u7d04\u306fALTER TABLE \u6587\u306eADD CONSTRAINT\u53e5\u3067\u306f\u8ffd\u52a0\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u8aa4\u3063\u305fSQL\u6587\u3067\u3059\u3002NOT NULL\u5236\u7d04\u306fMODIFY\u53e5\u3067\u8ffd\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
         <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b
\u25bcLONG\u578b\u306f\u6700\u59272GB\u307e\u3067\u306e\u6587\u5b57\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u683c\u7d0d\u3067\u304d\u308b\u53ef\u5909\u9577\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5236\u7d04\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u30fbLONG\u578b\u306e\u5217\u306f1\u3064\u306e\u8868\u306b1\u3064\u3060\u3051\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3067\u304d\u308b
\u30fbLONG\u578b\u306e\u5217\u306b\u306f\u5236\u7d04\u306f\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044(NULL\u304a\u3088\u3073NOT NULL\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u9664\u304f)
\u30fbLONG\u578b\u306e\u5217\u306fGROUP BY\u53e5\u3068ORDER BY\u53e5\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044
\u30fb\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8868\u306e\u4f5c\u6210\u6642\u3001LONG\u578b\u306e\u5217\u306f\u30b3\u30d4\u30fc\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fbCHAR(5)\u306b\u300cabc\u300d\u3092\u5165\u529b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u30b9\u30da\u30fc\u30b9\u3092\u52a0\u3048\u300cabc \u300d\u304c\u683c\u7d0d\u3055\u308c\u308b
\u30fbLONG\u578b\u306e\u5217\u306b\u306f\u3001NULL\u304a\u3088\u3073NOT NULL\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044<\/p>\n\n\n\n
BFILE\u578b\u306f4GB\u307e\u3067\u306b\u30d0\u30a4\u30ca\u30ea\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u683c\u7d0d\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u8aad\u53d6\u308a\u5c02\u7528\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u3067\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3001\u5024\u306e\u5909\u66f4\u306f\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
\u30d0\u30a4\u30ca\u30ea\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u6271\u3046\u4e3b\u306a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u4f8b\uff09NUMBER(10,3)\u306b123.4567\u3092\u5165\u529b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u7b2c4\u4f4d\u304c\u56db\u6368\u4e94\u5165\u3055\u308c\u3001123.457\u304c\u683c\u7d0d\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
VARCHAR2\u578b\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u306e\u6307\u5b9a\u306f\u7701\u7565\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bcOracle Database\u306b\u306f\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u7d44\u8fbc\u307f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u304c\u7528\u610f\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fbBFILE\u578b : OS\u4e0a\u306e\u30d0\u30a4\u30ca\u30ea\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u307f\u3092\u683c\u7d0d\u3059\u308b
BFILE\u578b\u306f\u6700\u59274GB\u307e\u3067\u306e\u30d0\u30a4\u30ca\u30ea\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u683c\u7d0d\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3001\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u308a\u5c02\u7528\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u3067\u3059\u3002
\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306fOracle\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u5185\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001OS\u4e0a\u306b\u30d0\u30a4\u30ca\u30ea\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb(\u52d5\u753b\u3084\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8)\u3068\u3057\u3066\u683c\u7d0d\u3055\u308c\u3001
\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u307f\u304c\u683c\u7d0d\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
CLOB\u578b\u306f\u6700\u59274GB\u307e\u3067\u306e\u6587\u5b57\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u683c\u7d0d\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u30022GB\u307e\u3067\u306e\u6587\u5b57\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u683c\u7d0d\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306e\u306fLONG\u578b\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH\u578b\u306f\u3001\u671f\u9593\u3092\u5e74\u3001\u6708\u306e\u5358\u4f4d\u3067\u683c\u7d0d\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u671f\u9593\u3092\u65e5\u3001\u6642\u3001\u5206\u3001\u79d2\u306e\u5358\u4f4d\u3067\u683c\u7d0d\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306fINTERVAL DAY TO SECOND\u578b\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
NUMBER\u578b\u306b\u306f\u6b63\u3068\u8ca0\u306e\u6570\u5024\u3092\u683c\u7d0d\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
RAW\u578b\u306f\u6700\u59272000\u30d0\u30a4\u30c8\u307e\u3067\u306e\u30d0\u30a4\u30ca\u30ea\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u683c\u7d0d\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3001\u53ef\u5909\u9577\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u3067\u3059\u3002
\u5217\u306bROWID\u3092\u683c\u7d0d\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u306fROWID\u578b\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u671f\u9593\u3092\u683c\u7d0d\u3059\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u306b\u306f\u3001
\u30fbINTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH\uff1a\u671f\u9593\u3092\u5e74\u3001\u6708\u306e\u5358\u4f4d\u3067\u683c\u7d0d\u3059\u308b
\u30fbINTERVAL DAY TO SECOND\uff1a\u671f\u9593\u3092\u65e5\u3001\u6642\u3001\u5206\u3001\u79d2\u306e\u5358\u4f4d\u3067\u683c\u7d0d\u3059\u308b
\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8a2d\u554f\u3067\u6700\u9577\u306e\u8cb8\u51fa\u53ef\u80fd\u671f\u9593\u306f20\u65e5\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3001
\u65e5\u306e\u5358\u4f4d\u3067\u671f\u9593\u3092\u683c\u7d0d\u3067\u304d\u308bINTERVAL DAY TO SECOND\u578b\u306e\u5909\u6570\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308c\u3070\u826f\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u306a\u304a\u3001INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH\u578b\u3001INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND\u578b\u306f\u3068\u3082\u306bDATE\u578b\u3068\u306e\u6f14\u7b97\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bcLONG\u578b\u306e\u5217\u306b\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u5236\u9650\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fbLONG\u578b\u306e\u5217\u306f1\u3064\u306e\u8868\u306b1\u3064\u3060\u3051\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3067\u304d\u308b
\u30fbLONG\u578b\u306e\u5217\u306b\u306f\u5236\u7d04\u306f\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044(NULL\u304a\u3088\u3073NOT NULL\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u9664\u304f)
\u30fbLONG\u578b\u306e\u5217\u306fGROUP BY\u53e5\u3068ORDER BY\u53e5\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044
\u30fb\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8868\u306e\u4f5c\u6210\u6642\u3001LONG\u578b\u306e\u5217\u306f\u30b3\u30d4\u30fc\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u30d0\u30a4\u30ca\u30ea\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u6271\u3046\u4e3b\u306a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u25bcLONG RAW\u578b\u306fLONG\u578b\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u5236\u9650\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fbLONG RAW\u578b\u306e\u5217\u306f1\u3064\u306e\u8868\u306b1\u3064\u3060\u3051\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3067\u304d\u308b
\u30fbLONG RAW\u578b\u306e\u5217\u306b\u306f\u5236\u7d04\u306f\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044
\u30fbLONG RAW\u578b\u306e\u5217\u306fGROUP BY\u53e5\u3068ORDER BY\u53e5\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044
\u30fb\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8868\u306e\u4f5c\u6210\u6642\u3001LONG RAW\u578b\u306e\u5217\u306f\u30b3\u30d4\u30fc\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u671f\u9593\u30ea\u30c6\u30e9\u30eb\u306e\u66f8\u5f0f
\u671f\u9593\u3092\u8868\u3059\u5024\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u671f\u9593\u30ea\u30c6\u30e9\u30eb\u306e\u66f8\u5f0f\u306b\u57fa\u3044\u3066\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8a2d\u554f\u306eINTERVAL ‘200’ MONTH\u306f200\u30f6\u6708\u9593\u306e\u610f\u5473\u306a\u306e\u3067\u300116\u5e748\u30f6\u6708\u3092\u8868\u3059INTERVAL \u201916-8\u2019 YEAR TO MONTH\u3068\u540c\u7fa9\u3067\u3059\u3002
\u306a\u304a\u3001\u671f\u9593\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u306b\u306f\u66f8\u5f0f\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002SELECT\u6587\u3067\u671f\u9593\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u3092\u8868\u793a\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3068\u3001
\u3000INTERVAL \u201916-8\u2019 YEAR TO MONTH \u306f +16-8
\u3000INTERVAL ’50-11′ YEAR TO MONTH \u306f +50-11
\u3000INTERVAL ‘4 12:30:10.1234567’ DAY TO SECOND \u306f +04 12:30:10.123457
\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8868\u793a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u25bcNUMBER\u578b\u306e\u6b63\u6570\u3068\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9
NUMBER\u578b\u306e\u5024\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u969b\u3001\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u6841\u6570\u3068\u4f4d\u53d6\u308a\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u4f4d\u53d6\u308a\u306f\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u6841\u6570\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u6841\u6570\u306e\u3046\u3061\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u6841\u6570\u304c\u3044\u304f\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f4d\u53d6\u308a\u306b\u8ca0\u306e\u5024\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u6574\u6570\u90e8\u306e\u4e38\u3081\u308b\u6841\u6570\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3053\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u307e\u305f\u3001\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u6841\u6570\u3068\u4f4d\u53d6\u308a\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u304c\u7701\u7565\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u6700\u5927\u7cbe\u5ea6\u306e\u6d6e\u52d5\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u4f8b\uff09
\u30fb\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u304cNUMBER(3,-1)\u306e\u5217\u306b123.45\u3092\u5165\u529b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001120\u304c\u683c\u7d0d\u3055\u308c\u308b
\u30fb\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u304cNUMBER\u306e\u5217\u306b12.345\u3092\u5165\u529b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u300112.345\u304c\u683c\u7d0d\u3055\u308c\u308b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u4f4d\u53d6\u308a\u304c\u7701\u7565\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u5c11\u6570\u70b9\u7b2c1\u4f4d\u3067\u56db\u6368\u4e94\u5165\u3055\u308c\u3001123\u304c\u683c\u7d0d\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u4f4d\u53d6\u308a\u306b-2\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u5341\u306e\u4f4d\u304c\u56db\u6368\u4e94\u5165\u3055\u308c\u3001100\u304c\u683c\u7d0d\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u53c2\u8003\uff1a
NUMBER\u578b\u306f\u6570\u5024\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u683c\u7d0d\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u3067\u3059\u3002
\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u5217\u540d NUMBER[(\u6700\u5927\u7cbe\u5ea6[, \u4f4d\u53d6\u308a])]<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u6700\u5927\u7cbe\u5ea6\uff1a\u683c\u7d0d\u3059\u308b\u6570\u5024\u306e\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u6841\u6570(1~38\u6841)
\u3000\u4f4d\u53d6\u308a\uff1a\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u6841\u6570(-84~127)\u3002\u8ca0\u306e\u5024\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u6574\u6570\u90e8\u306e\u4e38\u3081\u308b\u6841\u6570\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3053\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f4d\u53d6\u308a\u3092\u7701\u7565\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001NUMBER(\u6700\u5927\u6841\u6570, 0)\u3068\u540c\u3058\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002
\u307e\u305f\u3001\u4f4d\u53d6\u308a\u306b\u8ca0\u306e\u5024\u3092\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u6574\u6570\u90e8\u306e\u4e38\u3081\u308b\u6841\u6570\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u6700\u5927\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3001\u4f4d\u53d6\u308a\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u3092\u7701\u7565\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u6700\u5927\u7cbe\u5ea6\u306e\u6d6e\u52d5\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
NUMBER(5,2)\u3068\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5217\u306b”123.456″\u3092\u683c\u7d0d\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b2c2\u4f4d\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u56db\u6368\u4e94\u5165\u3055\u308c\u3001
123.46\u304c\u683c\u7d0d\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u307e\u305f\u3001NUMBER(5,2)\u3068\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5217\u306b”1234.56″\u3092\u683c\u7d0d\u3059\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001
\u6574\u6570\u90e8\u304c4\u6841\u3068\u306a\u308a\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u7cbe\u5ea6\u306b\u5024\u3092\u53ce\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u306e\u3067\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u6700\u5927\u6841\u6570\u30925\u6841\u3001\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u4ee5\u4e0b\u30922\u6841\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u6574\u6570\u90e8\u306f3\u6841\u4ee5\u5185\u306e\u6570\u5024\u3057\u304b\u683c\u7d0d\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u25bcCHAR\u578b\u3001VARCHAR2\u578b\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
LONG\u578b\u306e\u5217\u306fORDER BY\u53e5\u3084GROUP BY\u53e5\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
LONG\u578b\u304c2GB\u307e\u3067\u306a\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001CLOB\u578b\u306f4GB\u307e\u3067\u6271\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
LONG\u578b\u306f1\u3064\u306e\u8868\u306b1\u3064\u3060\u3051\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bcTIMESTAMP\u578b
TIMESTAMP\u578b\u306fDATE\u578b\u3092\u62e1\u5f35\u3057\u305f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u3067\u3001\u4e16\u7d00\u3001\u5e74\u3001\u6708\u3001\u65e5\u3001\u6642\u3001\u5206\u3001\u79d2\u306b\u52a0\u3048\u79d2\u306e\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u5024\u3092\u683c\u7d0d\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
TIMESTAMP\u578b\u306e\u5217\u306b\u5024\u3092\u683c\u7d0d\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u65e5\u4ed8\u30ea\u30c6\u30e9\u30eb\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3084\u6570\u5024\u3092TO_TIMESTAMP\u95a2\u6570\u3067TIMESTAMP\u578b\u306e\u5024\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3057
TO_TIMESTAMP\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u304b\u3089TIMESTAMP\u578b\u3078\u306e\u5909\u63db\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u6697\u9ed9\u7684\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u5909\u63db\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001TIMESTAMP\u578b\u306e\u5024\u3092DATE\u578b\u306e\u5217\u3078\u683c\u7d0d\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
IMESTAMP\u578b\u306b\u306f\u5e74\u3001\u6708\u3001\u65e5\u306e\u307b\u304b\u3001\u6642\u3001\u5206\u3001\u79d2\u3001\u79d2\u306e\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u5024\u3092\u683c\u7d0d\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u25bcROWID\u578b
ROWID\u578b\u306f\u3001\u884c\u306e\u4e00\u610f\u306a\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u3067\u3042\u308bROWID\u7591\u4f3c\u5217(\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u306f\u5217\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u5217)\u304b\u3089\u8fd4\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5024\u3092\u5217\u306b
\u683c\u7d0d\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3001BASE64\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u3067\u3059\u3002
\u884c\u306e\u4e00\u610f\u306a\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u3092\u8868\u3059BASE64\u6587\u5b57\u5217<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8868\u306b\u306fROWID\u5217\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001SELECT\u53e5\u306bROWID\u7591\u4f3c\u5217\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5404\u884c\u306e\u4e00\u610f\u306a\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
ROWID\u578b\u30922\u3064\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u8868\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u304cNUMBER(5,2)\u306e\u5217\u306b12.345\u3092\u5165\u529b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u7b2c3\u4f4d\u304c\u56db\u6368\u4e94\u5165\u3055\u308c\u300112.35\u304c\u683c\u7d0d\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0DROP TABLE
\u8868\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u524a\u9664\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306f\u3001DROP TABLE\u6587\u306bPURGE\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
PURGE\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3001\u8868\u306f\u3054\u307f\u7bb1\u306b\u79fb\u52d5\u3055\u308c\u3001\u5f8c\u3067\u5fa9\u5143\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u8868\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3060\u3051\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u30fbTRUNCATE TABLE \u8868\u540d;
\u30fbDELETE FROM \u8868\u540d;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u8868\u3092\u3054\u307f\u7bb1\u3078\u79fb\u52d5\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3054\u307f\u7bb1\u3078\u79fb\u52d5\u3057\u305f\u8868\u306fFLASHBACK TABLE\u6587\u3067\u5fa9\u5143\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u30fbDROP TABLE \u8868\u540d;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8868\u306e\u524a\u9664\u306fDROP ANY TABLE\u6a29\u9650\u3092\u6301\u3064\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u884c\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000DROP TABLE \u8868\u540d [PURGE];<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u8868\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u8868\u3068\u8868\u5185\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3001\u8868\u306b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u305f\u5236\u7d04\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3082\u540c\u6642\u306b\u524a\u9664\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u305d\u306e\u8868\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u3084\u30b7\u30ce\u30cb\u30e0\u306f\u524a\u9664\u3055\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u7121\u52b9\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7121\u52b9\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u3084\u30b7\u30ce\u30cb\u30e0\u306b\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3059\u308b\u3068\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
PURGE\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u4ed8\u3051\u305a\u306b\u8868\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u8868\u306f\u3054\u307f\u7bb1\u306b\u79fb\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u524a\u9664\u3055\u308c\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u524a\u9664\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306fPURGE\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u8868\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
DROP TABLE\u6587\u306fDDL\u6587\u306b\u8a72\u5f53\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
DDL\u6587\u3067\u306f\u30011\u6587\u30671\u3064\u306e\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30b6\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3068\u306a\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001DROP TABLE\u6587\u5b9f\u884c\u5f8c\u306f\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30b6\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304c\u7d42\u4e86\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
DROP TABLE\u6587\u3067\u306f\u3001\u8868\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u304c\u524a\u9664\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8868\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3060\u3051\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3057\u305f\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306fDELETE\u6587\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
DROP TABLE\u6587\u306bPURGE\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u8868\u306f\u3054\u307f\u7bb1\u306b\u79fb\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u524a\u9664\u3055\u308c\u305f\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
FLASHBACK TABLE\u6587\u3067\u3054\u307f\u7bb1\u306b\u79fb\u52d5\u3057\u305f\u8868\u3092\u5fa9\u5143\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u8868\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3057\u3066\u3082\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u306f\u524a\u9664\u3055\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0PRIMARY KEY\u5236\u7d04
PRIMARY KEY\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5217\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5217\u306e\u7d44\u5408\u305b\u306b\u91cd\u8907\u3057\u305f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3084NULL\u5024\u3092\u767b\u9332\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
PRIMARY KEY\u5236\u7d04\u306f1\u3064\u306e\u8868\u306b1\u3064\u3057\u304b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u5fc5\u305a\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
PRIMARY KEY\u5236\u7d04\u306f\u8907\u6570\u306e\u5217\u306e\u7d44\u5408\u305b\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u8868\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u306a\u304a\u3001PRIMARY KEY\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u81ea\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u5236\u7d04\u3068\u540c\u3058\u540d\u524d\u306e\u4e00\u610f\u7d22\u5f15\u304c\u4f5c\u6210\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
PRIMARY KEY\u5236\u7d04\u306f1\u3064\u306e\u8868\u306b1\u3064\u3060\u3051\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8907\u6570\u306e\u5217\u306b\u500b\u5225\u306bPRIMARY KEY\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u8907\u6570\u306e\u5217\u306e\u7d44\u5408\u305b\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066PRIMARY KEY\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u8868\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
PRIMARY KEY\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u81ea\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u5236\u7d04\u3068\u540c\u3058\u540d\u524d\u306e\u4e00\u610f\u7d22\u5f15\u304c\u4f5c\u6210\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
[\u7d22\u5f15\u306e\u78ba\u8a8d\u65b9\u6cd5]
\u30ed\u30b0\u30a4\u30f3\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u304c\u6240\u6709\u3059\u308b\u7d22\u5f15(\u81ea\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u4f5c\u6210\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7d22\u5f15\u3092\u542b\u3080)\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u8abf\u3079\u308b\u306b\u306f\u3001
USER_IND_COLUMNS\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30fb\u30c7\u30a3\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30ca\u30ea\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
USER_IND_COLUMNS\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30fb\u30c7\u30a3\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30ca\u30ea\u306b\u306f\u7d22\u5f15\u540d\u3084\u7d22\u5f15\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u305f\u8868\u540d\u3001\u5217\u540d\u306a\u3069\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u304c\u767b\u9332\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0FOREIGN KEY\u5236\u7d04
PARENT\u8868\u306fCHILD\u8868\u306eFOREIGN KEY\u5236\u7d04(\u53c2\u7167\u6574\u5408\u6027\u5236\u7d04\u3068\u3082\u547c\u3070\u308c\u307e\u3059)\u306e\u89aa\u8868\u3068\u3057\u3066\u53c2\u7167\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u53c2\u7167\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u884c\u304c\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3082\u3001\u5b50\u8868\u3088\u308a\u3082\u5148\u306b\u89aa\u8868\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002DROP TABLE\u6587\u306f\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3057\u304b\u3057\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u524a\u9664\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001FOREIGN KEY\u5236\u7d04\u306bON DELETE\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001
\u89aa\u8868\u306e\u884c\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306b\u5b50\u8868\u306e\u884c\u3092\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u4f8b\uff09
CREATE TABLE parent
\u3000(
\u3000\u3000id NUMBER(2) CONSTRAINT pid_pk PRIMARY KEY,
\u3000\u3000dept_name VARCHAR2(10)
\u3000);<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000CREATE TABLE child
\u3000(
\u3000\u3000id NUMBER(2) CONSTRAINT cid_pk PRIMARY KEY,
\u3000\u3000name VARCHAR2(10) CONSTRAINT cname_uq UNIQUE,
\u3000\u3000deptid NUMBER(2) CONSTRAINT dept_fk REFERENCES parent (id) ON DELETE CASCADE
\u3000);<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000INSERT INTO parent VALUES (1, ‘parent’);
\u3000INSERT INTO child VALUES (10, ‘child’, 1);<\/p>\n\n\n\n
FOREIGN KEY\u5236\u7d04\u3067\u53c2\u7167\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u89aa\u8868\u306f\u5b50\u8868\u3088\u308a\u3082\u5148\u306b\u524a\u9664\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001FOREIGN KEY\u5236\u7d04\u306e\u89aa\u8868\u3092\u5207\u308a\u6368\u3066\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
FOREIGN KEY\u5236\u7d04\u306b\u300cON DELETE CASCADE\u300d\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001DELETE\u6587\u306f\u6b63\u5e38\u306b\u5b9f\u884c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0\u6b63\u898f\u5f62\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u8868\u306f\u3001\u5546\u54c1ID\u3001\u5546\u54c1\u540d\u3001\u5358\u4fa1\u3001\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u91d1\u984d\u306e\u540c\u3058\u5185\u5bb9\u306e\u5217\u304c\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u73fe\u308c\u3066\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u5927\u304d\u306a\u8868\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u307e\u305f\u3001\u300c\u53d7\u6ce8\u524d\u306b\u5546\u54c1\u3092\u767b\u9332\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u300d\u300c\u5546\u54c1\u540d\u3084\u4fa1\u683c\u304c\u5909\u66f4\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306b\u540c\u3058\u5546\u54c1\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u5168\u3066\u66f4\u65b0\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u300d
\u306a\u3069\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u304c\u3057\u96e3\u304f\u3001\u30ea\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30ca\u30eb\u30fb\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306b\u683c\u7d0d\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3067\u3059\u3002
\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u6b63\u898f\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u975e\u6b63\u898f\u5f62\u3068\u3044\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6b63\u898f\u5316\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u91cd\u8907\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3057\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u9593\u306e\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u30ea\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30b7\u30c3\u30d7\u3092\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u4e00\u5143\u7ba1\u7406\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fb\u7b2c1\u6b63\u898f\u5f62
\u7b2c1\u6b63\u898f\u5316\u306f\u3001\u975e\u6b63\u898f\u5f62\u306e\u8868\u306b\u6b21\u306e\u4f5c\u696d\u3092\u884c\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3000\u30fb\u4e3b\u30ad\u30fc\u3092\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b
\u3000\u30fb\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u73fe\u308c\u308b\u5217\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5225\u306e\u8868\u306b\u5207\u308a\u96e2\u3059
\u3000\u30fb\u5c0e\u51fa\u9805\u76ee(\u4ed6\u306e\u5c5e\u6027\u304b\u3089\u7b97\u51fa\u3067\u304d\u308b\u9805\u76ee)\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3059\u308b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fb\u7b2c2\u6b63\u898f\u5f62
\u7b2c2\u6b63\u898f\u5316\u306f\u3001\u7b2c1\u6b63\u898f\u5f62\u306e\u8868\u304b\u3089\u90e8\u5206\u95a2\u6570\u5f93\u5c5e\u6027\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3092\u9664\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fb\u7b2c3\u6b63\u898f\u5f62
\u7b2c3\u6b63\u898f\u5316\u306f\u3001\u7b2c2\u6b63\u898f\u5f62\u304b\u3089\u63a8\u79fb\u95a2\u6570\u5f93\u5c5e\u6027\u3092\u9664\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
         <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0\u30ea\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30ca\u30eb\u30fb\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9(RDB)
Oracle Database\u306f\u30ea\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30ca\u30eb\u578b\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u30fb\u30ea\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30ca\u30eb\u578b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u3092\u7ba1\u7406\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30bd\u30d5\u30c8\u30a6\u30a7\u30a2\u3067\u3059\u3002
\u30ea\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30ca\u30eb\u30fb\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u7ba1\u7406\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0(RDBMS)\u3001
\u307e\u305f\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u30fb\u30ea\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30ca\u30eb\u30fb\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u7ba1\u7406\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0(ORDBMS)\u3068\u3082\u547c\u3070\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30ea\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30ca\u30eb\u30fb\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9(RDB)\u306b\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u7279\u5fb4\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u30fb\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u884c\u3068\u5217\u304b\u3089\u306a\u308b2\u6b21\u5143\u306e\u8868\u5f62\u5f0f\u3067\u683c\u7d0d\u3059\u308b
\u30fb\u95a2\u9023\u306e\u3042\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u5316\u3057\u3001\u8907\u6570\u306e\u8868\u306b\u5206\u5272\u3057\u3066\u7ba1\u7406\u3059\u308b
\u30fb\u95a2\u9023\u306e\u3042\u308b\u8868\u540c\u58eb\u3092\u8868\u306b\u683c\u7d0d\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u95a2\u9023\u4ed8\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b
\u30fbE. F. Codd\u306e\u30eb\u30fc\u30eb(\u30a8\u30c9\u30ac\u30fc\u30fbF\u30fb\u30b3\u30c3\u30c9\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8003\u6848\u3055\u308c\u305fRDBMS\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u898f\u5247)\u3092\u30b5\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u3059\u308b
\u30fbSQL\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3059\u308b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u6307\u5411\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9(OODB)\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb
Oracle Database\u306f\u30ea\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30ca\u30eb\u578b\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u30fb\u30ea\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30ca\u30eb\u578b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u3092\u7ba1\u7406\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30bd\u30d5\u30c8\u30a6\u30a7\u30a2\u3067\u3059\u3002
\u30ea\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30ca\u30eb\u30fb\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u7ba1\u7406\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0(RDBMS)\u3001\u307e\u305f\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u30fb\u30ea\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30ca\u30eb\u30fb\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u7ba1\u7406\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0(ORDBMS)\u3068\u3082\u547c\u3070\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u30fb\u30ea\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30ca\u30eb\u578b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306f\u3001\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u6307\u5411\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9(OODB)\u3068\u3082\u547c\u3073\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6b21\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u30fb\u30ea\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30ca\u30eb\u578b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u62e1\u5f35\u3057\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u4e92\u63db\u6027\u3092\u6301\u3064
\u30fb\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u304c\u7d44\u307f\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b
\u30fb\u540c\u3058\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u3067\u8907\u6570\u306e\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3092\u30b5\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u3059\u308b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
           <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0\u968e\u5c64\u578b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9
\u30fb\u30c4\u30ea\u30fc\u69cb\u9020\u3067\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u683c\u7d0d\u3059\u308b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0AS\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9
\u4f8b\uff09
SELECT employee_id “\u793e\u54e1No”, employee_name \u793e\u54e1\u540d, salary “\u7d66\u4e0e(\u6708\u7d66)” FROM employees;
SELECT employee_id AS “\u793e\u54e1No”, employee_name AS “\u793e\u54e1\u540d”, salary AS “\u7d66\u4e0e(\u6708\u7d66)” FROM employees;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SQL\u6587\u306e\u5b9f\u884c\u7d50\u679c\u306b\u8868\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5217\u898b\u51fa\u3057\u3092\u5909\u66f4\u3057\u305f\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001SELECT\u53e5\u306b\u5217\u5225\u540d\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u5217\u5225\u540d\u306f\u9805\u76ee\u540d\u3068\u5217\u5225\u540d\u3092\u30b9\u30da\u30fc\u30b9\u3067\u533a\u5207\u308b\u304b\u3001\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306bAS\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5217\u5225\u540d\u306f\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u306e\u30cd\u30fc\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\u898f\u5247\u306b\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u547d\u540d\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u5927\u6587\u5b57\u3068\u5c0f\u6587\u5b57\u3092\u533a\u5225\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001
\u30cd\u30fc\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\u898f\u5247\u306b\u53cd\u3059\u308b\u5217\u5225\u540d(\u30b9\u30da\u30fc\u30b9\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u306a\u3069)\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u5217\u5225\u540d\u3092\u4e8c\u91cd\u5f15\u7528\u7b26(“)\u3067\u56f2\u307e\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u554f\u5408\u305b\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u5217\u898b\u51fa\u3057\u306e\u3046\u3061\u3001\u300c\u793e\u54e1No\u300d\u3067\u306f\u5927\u6587\u5b57\u3068\u5c0f\u6587\u5b57\u304c\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001
\u300c\u7d66\u4e0e(\u5e74\u53ce)\u300d\u3067\u306f\u8a18\u53f7\u304c\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3001\u3053\u306e2\u3064\u306e\u5217\u898b\u51fa\u3057\u306f\u5217\u5225\u540d\u3092”(\u4e8c\u91cd\u5f15\u7528\u7b26)\u3067\u56f2\u3093\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0\u7b97\u8853\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50
\u7b97\u8853\u5f0f\u306e\u512a\u5148\u9806\u4f4d\u3092\u5909\u66f4\u3057\u305f\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001()\u62ec\u5f27\u3067\u56f2\u3080\u3053\u3068\u3067\u512a\u5148\u9806\u4f4d\u304c\u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8a2d\u554f\u306eSQL\u6587\u306e\u7b97\u8853\u5f0f\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u5206\u304b\u308a\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306blist_price\u306b100\u3092\u5272\u308a\u5f53\u3066\u3066\u8a08\u7b97\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[\u62ec\u5f27\u3042\u308a] 100 – (100 * 15\/100) + ((100 – (100 * 15\/100)) * (8\/100)) + 600 = 691.8
85 85 0.08
[\u62ec\u5f27\u7121\u3057] 100 – 100 * 15\/100 + 100 – 100 * 15\/100 * 8\/100 + 600 = 783.8
100-0.15+100-1.2+600
\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u306e\u512a\u5148\u9806\u4f4d\u306b\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u62ec\u5f27\u7121\u3057\u306e\u65b9\u304c\u4fa1\u683c\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
100 – (100 * 15\/100) 85<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0\u7b97\u8853\u5f0f
\u7b97\u8853\u5f0f\u306fSELECT\u53e5\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001FROM\u53e5\u3092\u9664\u304f\u4efb\u610f\u306e\u53e5\u3067\u4f7f\u7528\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u30fbSELECT\u53e5 : \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u304b\u3089\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u3059\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3057\u307e\u3059
\u3000\u30fbFROM\u53e5 : \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u3069\u306e\u8868\u304b\u3089\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u3059\u304b\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059
\u3000\u30fbWHERE\u53e5 : \u6761\u4ef6\u306b\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u3059\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u5236\u9650\u3057\u307e\u3059
\u3000\u30fbGROUP BY\u53e5 : \u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u3059\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u5316\u3057\u307e\u3059
\u3000\u30fbHAVING\u53e5 : \u6761\u4ef6\u306b\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u3059\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u3092\u5236\u9650\u3057\u307e\u3059
\u3000\u30fbORDER BY\u53e5 : \u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/p>\n\n\n\n
           <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0WHERE\u53e5<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u307e\u305f\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5909\u66f4\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5168\u3066\u306e\u884c\u304c\u691c\u7d22\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u6761\u4ef61=1\u304c\u5e38\u306b\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6761\u4ef6\u304c\u771f\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff09\u305f\u3081\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
EMPLOYEES\u8868\u306eSALARY\u5217\u304c300000\u3088\u308a\u5927\u304d\u3044\u5f93\u696d\u54e1\u3092\u691c\u7d22\u3059\u308b\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u3082\u306e\u306f\u3069\u308c\u3067\u3059\u304b(\u8a72\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3092\u5168\u3066\u9078\u629e\u3057\u3066\u4e0b\u3055\u3044)\u3002
\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u300c\u3088\u308a\u5927\u304d\u3044\u300d\u3092\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u6bd4\u8f03\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u306e\u300c>\u300d\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u307e\u305f\u306f\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u53cd\u8ee2\u3055\u305b\u308b\u300cNOT\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u300d\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3001
\u300cNOT salary <= 300000\u300d\uff08salary\u304c300000\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u7121\u3051\u308c\u3070\u771f\uff09\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u4f8b\uff09
WHERE NOT salary <= 300000
WHERE salary > 300000<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u4f8b\uff09
\u30fbWHERE NOT salary < 300000
\u300csalary\u304c300000\u3088\u308a\u5c0f\u3055\u304f\u7121\u3051\u308c\u3070\u771f\u300d\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001salary\u304c300000\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3082\u771f\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fbWHERE salary < 300000
\u300csalary\u304c300000\u3088\u308a\u5c0f\u3055\u3051\u308c\u3070\u771f\u300d\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fbWHERE salary >= 300000
\u300csalary\u304c300000\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306a\u3089\u771f\u300d\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001salary\u304c300000\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3082\u771f\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
         <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8 ASC DESC ORDER BY\u53e5
\u53c2\u8003\uff1a
SELECT\u6587\u306e\u691c\u7d22\u7d50\u679c\u306f\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u9806\u756a\u3067\u8868\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304b\u4fdd\u8a3c\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4f55\u3089\u304b\u306e\u5024\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u3055\u308c\u305f\u691c\u7d22\u7d50\u679c\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u5834\u5408\u306fORDER BY\u53e5\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
ORDER BY\u53e5\u306fWHERE\u53e5\u306a\u3069\u4ed6\u306e\u53e5\u3068\u540c\u6642\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u5fc5\u305aSELECT\u6587\u306e\u6700\u5f8c\u306b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
ORDER BY\u53e5\u306e\u9805\u76ee\u306b\u306f\u300c\u5217\u540d\u300d\u306e\u4ed6\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3069\u308c\u3082\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002
\u30fb\u5217\u5225\u540d\uff08*WHERE\u53e5\u3067\u306f\u6307\u5b9a\u4e0d\u53ef\uff09
\u30fb\u7b97\u8853\u5f0f
\u30fbSELECT\u53e5\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u9805\u76ee\u306e\u9806\u756a\uff08\u6570\u5024\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ASC\u3068DESC\u306f\u6607\u9806\/\u964d\u9806\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u3067\u3059\u3002ASC\u3067\u6607\u9806\uff08\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u9806\uff09\u3001DESC\u3067\u964d\u9806\uff08\u5927\u304d\u3044\u9806\uff09\u306b\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u7701\u7565\u3059\u308b\u3068ASC\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3068\u307f\u306a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
ORDER BY\u53e5\u3067\u306f\u8907\u6570\u306e\u9805\u76ee\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001ASC\/DESC\u3082\u9805\u76ee\u3054\u3068\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u4e0a\u8a18\u306e\u4f8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u307e\u305a\u300cdepartment_id\u300d\u5217\u3067\u6607\u9806\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\uff08ASC \u7701\u7565\u53ef\uff09\u3057\u3001
\u300cdepartment_id\u300d\u304c\u540c\u3058\u5024\u306e\u884c\u3067\u306f\u300csalary\u300d\u5217\u3067\u964d\u9806\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\uff08DESC\uff09\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u306a\u304a\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u4f8b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001SELECT\u53e5\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u5217\u540d\u3092ORDER BY\u53e5\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u9806\u5e8f\u306f\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u3059\u308b\u9805\u76ee\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u4e0a\u8868\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001NULL\u5024\u306f\u6700\u3082\u5927\u304d\u3044\u5024\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u9805\u76ee\u306bNULL\u5024\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u884c\u306f\u3001\u6607\u9806\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u6700\u5f8c\u306b\u3001\u964d\u9806\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u5148\u982d\u306b\u8868\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u305d\u3053\u3067ORDER BY\u53e5\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u3067\u3001\u6607\u9806\u3001\u964d\u9806\u306b\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305aNULL\u5024\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u884c\u3092\u5148\u982d\u3082\u3057\u304f\u306f
\u6700\u5f8c\u306b\u8868\u793a\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000ORDER BY \u9805\u76ee [NULLS FIRST | NULLS LAST]<\/p>\n\n\n\n
NULLS FIRST\u306f\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u9806\u306b\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305aNULL\u5024\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u884c\u3092\u5148\u982d\u306b\u8868\u793a\u3057\u3001NULLS LAST\u306f\u6700\u5f8c\u306b\u8868\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ORDER BY\u53e5\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u3059\u308b\u9805\u76ee\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5217\u5225\u540d\u3084SELECT\u53e5\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u9806\u756a\uff08\u6570\u5024\uff09\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u5927\u6587\u5b57\u3068\u5c0f\u6587\u5b57\u3092\u533a\u5225\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306a\u3069\u306b\u4e8c\u91cd\u5f15\u7528\u7b26(“)\u3067\u56f2\u3093\u3060\u5217\u5225\u540d\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001
ORDER BY\u53e5\u3067\u3082\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u5217\u5225\u540d\u3092\u4e8c\u91cd\u5f15\u7528\u7b26(“)\u3067\u56f2\u3080\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
SALARY\u5217\u306fSELECT\u53e5\u3067\u5de6\u304b\u30893\u756a\u76ee\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3001\u300cORDER BY 3\u300d\u3068\u3059\u308c\u3070 SALARY\u5217\u3067\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u307e\u305f\u3001\u6708\u53ce\u306e\u591a\u3044\u9806\u306b\u8868\u793a\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u964d\u9806\u3067\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u3059\u308b\u70ba\u306eDESC\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0\u7f6e\u63db\u5909\u6570
SQL*Plus\u3084SQL Developer\u306a\u3069\u306e\u30c4\u30fc\u30eb\u3067\u306f\u3001\u7f6e\u63db\u5909\u6570\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u7f6e\u63db\u5909\u6570\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001WHERE\u53e5\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u306a\u3069\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5024\u3092\u3001SQL\u6587\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u76f4\u63a5\u8a18\u8ff0\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001
\u5b9f\u884c\u6642\u306b\u5024\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7f6e\u63db\u5909\u6570\u306b\u306f\u300c&\u7f6e\u63db\u5909\u6570\u300d\u3068\u300c&&\u7f6e\u63db\u5909\u6570\u300d\u306e2\u7a2e\u985e\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u300c&\u7f6e\u63db\u5909\u6570\u300d\u306fSQL\u6587\u5b9f\u884c\u5f8c\u306b\u5909\u6570\u306e\u5024\u304c\u7834\u68c4\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001
\u300c&&\u7f6e\u63db\u5909\u6570\u300d\u306f\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u5207\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u307e\u3067\u5024\u304c\u4fdd\u6301\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u306a\u304a\u3001\u7f6e\u63db\u5909\u6570\u306fWHERE\u53e5\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001SQL\u6587\u306e\u5168\u3066\u306e\u7b87\u6240\u3067\u4f7f\u7528\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0BETWEEN
BETWEEN\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u306e\u4e0b\u9650\u5024\u3001\u4e0a\u9650\u5024\u306b\u6587\u5b57\u30ea\u30c6\u30e9\u30eb\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u306e\u6587\u5b57\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u3067\u691c\u7d22\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001UPPER(prod_name)\u3067\u5168\u3066\u5927\u6587\u5b57\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5546\u54c1\u540d\u306e\u982d\u6587\u5b57\u304c\u300cH\u300d\u3067\u59cb\u307e\u308b\u3082\u306e\u304b\u3089\u3001
\u300cLE\u300d\u3068\u3044\u30462\u6587\u5b57\u306e\u6587\u5b57\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u307e\u3067\u304c\u691c\u7d22\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3053\u306eSQL\u6587\u3067UPPER\u95a2\u6570\u3092\u4f7f\u308f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3001\u5546\u54c1\u540d\u300cLantern\u300d\u306f\u30d2\u30c3\u30c8\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
2\u6587\u5b57\u76ee\u306e\u5c0f\u6587\u5b57\u306e\u300ca\u300d\u306f\u5927\u6587\u5b57\u306e\u5168\u30a2\u30eb\u30d5\u30a1\u30d9\u30c3\u30c8\u3088\u308a\u6587\u5b57\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u304c\u5927\u304d\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002
UPPER\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u5927\u6587\u5b57\u300cLANTERN\u300d\u306b\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u6700\u521d\u306e2\u6587\u5b57\u300cLA\u300d\u306e\u7d44\u5408\u305b\u306e\u6587\u5b57\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u304c\u3001
\u691c\u7d22\u306e\u4e0a\u9650\u5024\u306e\u300cLE\u300d\u3088\u308a\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u691c\u7d22\u3067\u30d2\u30c3\u30c8\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u4f8b\uff09
\u30fbSELECT promo_name, promo_begin_date,
\u3000\u3000CASE WHEN TO_CHAR(promo_begin_date, ‘DAY’) BETWEEN ‘\u6708\u66dc\u65e5’ AND ‘\u91d1\u66dc\u65e5’
\u3000\u3000THEN ‘\u5e73\u65e5’ ELSE ‘\u9031\u672b’ END “\u958b\u59cb\u65e5”
\u3000FROM promotions;
\u691c\u7d22CASE\u5f0f\u3067\u3059\u3002BETWEEN\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u306b\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u306e\u6587\u5b57\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u3067\u691c\u7d22\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u66dc\u65e5\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3001\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u7d50\u679c\u306f\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0LIKE\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50
LIKE\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u6587\u5b57\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u305f\u884c\u3092\u691c\u7d22\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u6587\u5b57\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u306b\u306f\u3001\u4efb\u610f\u306e1\u6587\u5b57\u3068\u4e00\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u300c_\u300d\u3084\u30010\u6587\u5b57\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u4efb\u610f\u306e\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3068\u4e00\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u300c%\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u3001
\u30ef\u30a4\u30eb\u30c9\u30ab\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u30ef\u30a4\u30eb\u30c9\u30ab\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u30ea\u30c6\u30e9\u30eb\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001ESCAPE\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u30ef\u30a4\u30eb\u30c9\u30ab\u30fc\u30c9\u3092
\u30ea\u30c6\u30e9\u30eb\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u3048\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8a2d\u554f\u3067\u306f\u300cHITS_\u300d\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u884c\u3092\u691c\u7d22\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u306f’%HITS_%’\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001
\u6587\u5b57\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u306b”_”\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001ESCAPE\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u300c_\u300d\u3092\u30ea\u30c6\u30e9\u30eb\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u3046\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3055\u3089\u306b\u300c’S\u300d\u3082\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u4e00\u91cd\u5f15\u7528\u7b26(‘)\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001
\u4ee3\u66ff\u5f15\u7528\u7b26q\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3001\u4e00\u91cd\u5f15\u7528\u7b26(‘)\u30922\u3064\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u4e00\u91cd\u5f15\u7528\u7b26(‘)\u3092\u30ea\u30c6\u30e9\u30eb\u3068\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u4f8b\uff09
WHERE prod_name LIKE q'(%HITSW_%’s%)’ ESCAPE ‘W’<\/p>\n\n\n\n
WHERE prod_name LIKE ‘%HITSW_%”s%’ ESCAPE ‘W’<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f\u30a8\u30b9\u30b1\u30fc\u30d7\u6587\u5b57\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300cW\u300d\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3001\u300cW\u300d\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306e\u30ef\u30a4\u30eb\u30c9\u30ab\u30fc\u30c9\u306f\u901a\u5e38\u306e\u30ea\u30c6\u30e9\u30eb\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u8a2d\u554f\u306eSQL\u6587\u306f\u3001\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6761\u4ef6\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001DEPARTMENT_ID\u5217\u306e\u5024\u304c1\uff0c3\uff0c5\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u884c\u304c\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001DEPARTMENT_ID\u5217\u306e\u5024\u304c1\u4ee5\u5916 \u304b\u3064 3\u4ee5\u5916 \u304b\u3064 5\u4ee5\u5916\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3001<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
AND\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53c2\u8003\uff1a
IN\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u8907\u6570\u306e\u5024\u306e\u3044\u305a\u308c\u304b\u3068\u4e00\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u884c\u3092\u691c\u7d22\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
IN\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u306e\u6307\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3068\u304a\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000WHERE \u9805\u76ee\u540d IN (\u50241[, \u50242, …])<\/p>\n\n\n\n
OR\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u3067\u8907\u6570\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306f\u3001IN\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u3067\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000WHERE department_id = 1
\u3000\u3000OR department_id = 2
\u3000\u3000OR department_id = 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e0a\u8a18\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3092IN\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u3067\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u3048\u308b\u3068\u3001<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000WHERE department_id IN (1, 2, 3)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001OR\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u3067\u8907\u6570\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3088\u308a\u3082\u308f\u304b\u308a\u3084\u3059\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001IN\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u306f\u3001SQL\u6587\u306e\u5b9f\u884c\u6642\u306b\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u306bOR\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u51e6\u7406\u3055\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001
\u5b9f\u884c\u6642\u306e\u30d1\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30b9\u306e\u9055\u3044\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u307e\u305f\u3001IN\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u3092NOT\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u3068\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u308b\u3068\u3001IN\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u5024\u4ee5\u5916\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000WHERE \u9805\u76ee\u540d NOT IN (\u50241[, \u50242, …])<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001department_id\u306e\u5024\u304c1,2,3\u4ee5\u5916\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6761\u4ef6\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000WHERE department_id NOT IN (1, 2, 3)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3053\u308c\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u540c\u3058\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000WHERE department_id != 1
\u3000\u3000AND department_id != 2
\u3000\u3000AND department_id != 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u300ca \u304b b \u306e\u3044\u305a\u308c\u304b\u3067\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6761\u4ef6\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3000\u3000NOT(a OR b) = (NOT a) AND (NOT b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u6761\u4ef61\u306e\u4e2d\u30672\u3064\u306eNOT LIKE\u304cOR\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u3067\u7d50\u3070\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u89e3\u6790\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3000(NOT a) OR (NOT b) = NOT(a AND b)
\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061[\u300c\u7530\u300d\u3068\u300c\u85e4\u300d\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044]\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u306a\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u5e0c\u671b\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u306f\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0ROUND\u95a2\u6570
ROUND\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u3001\u5f15\u6570\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u65e5\u4ed8\u5024\u3092\u4e38\u3081\u3066\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u8a2d\u554f\u306eROUND\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u306f\u66f8\u5f0f\u306b\u300cDD\u300d\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u300cDD\u300d\u306f\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u65e5\u4ed8\u304c\u6b63\u5348\u3088\u308a\u524d\u306a\u3089\u5f53\u65e5\u306e\u5348\u524d0\u6642\u3092\u3001\u6b63\u5348\u4ee5\u964d\u306a\u3089\u7fcc\u65e5\u306e\u5348\u524d0\u5b57\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0TRIM\u95a2\u6570
TRIM\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u3001\u5f15\u6570\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u306e\u524d\u5f8c\u306b\u3042\u308b\u524a\u9664\u6587\u5b57\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u9664\u3044\u305f\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u3059\u3002
\u8a2d\u554f\u3067\u306f\u5148\u982d\u306e\u30b9\u30da\u30fc\u30b9\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u524a\u9664\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306b”LEADING”\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u307e\u305f\u3001\u30b9\u30da\u30fc\u30b9\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u524a\u9664\u6587\u5b57\u306e\u6307\u5b9a\u306f\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
TRIM\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u3001\u5f15\u6570\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u306e\u524d\u5f8c\u306b\u3042\u308b\u524a\u9664\u6587\u5b57\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u9664\u3044\u305f\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000TRIM([LEADING | TRAILING | BOTH] [\u524a\u9664\u6587\u5b57] FROM \u6587\u5b57\u5217)
\u307e\u305f\u306f
\u3000TRIM(\u6587\u5b57\u5217)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
LEADING,TRAILING,BOTH\u3092\u7701\u7565\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u306e\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u524a\u9664\u6587\u5b57\u304c\u53d6\u308a\u9664\u304b\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u524a\u9664\u6587\u5b57\u306b\u306f\u4efb\u610f\u306e1\u6587\u5b57\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u306f\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8a2d\u554f\u306eSQL\u6587\u3067\u306fTRIM(‘LED’ FROM UPPER(prod_name))\u3067\u3001\u5927\u6587\u5b57\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3057\u305fPROD_NAME\u5217\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u524d\u5f8c\u304b\u3089’LED’\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u524a\u9664\u6587\u5b57\u304c1\u6587\u5b57\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u30fbSELECT TRIM(REPLACE(‘Oracle Master’, ‘Master’)) FROM dual;
REPLACE\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u6587\u5b57\u5217”Oracle Master”\u304b\u3089”Master”\u304c\u524a\u9664\u3055\u308c”Oracle “\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u3001TRIM\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u30b9\u30da\u30fc\u30b9\u304c\u53d6\u308a\u9664\u304b\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u5b9f\u884c\u7d50\u679c\u306f”Oracle”\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fbSELECT TRIM(RPAD(‘Oracle Master’, 7, ‘ ‘)) FROM dual;
RPAD\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u9577\u3055\u304c7\u6587\u5b57\u306e\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u304c\u8fd4\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3067”Oracle “\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u3001TRIM\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u30b9\u30da\u30fc\u30b9\u304c\u53d6\u308a\u9664\u304b\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u5b9f\u884c\u7d50\u679c\u306f”Oracle”\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0INSTR\u95a2\u6570
INSTR\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u3001\u5f15\u6570\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u306em\u6587\u5b57\u76ee\u4ee5\u964d\u304b\u3089n\u56de\u76ee\u306b\u51fa\u73fe\u3057\u305f\u691c\u7d22\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u306e\u5148\u982d\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u691c\u7d22\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u304c\u898b\u3064\u304b\u3089\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306f0\uff08\u30bc\u30ed\uff09\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8a2d\u554f\u306eSQL\u6587\u3067\u306f\u3001PROD_NAME\u5217\u306e1\u6587\u5b57\u76ee\u304b\u3089\u300c\u3000\u300d(\u30b9\u30da\u30fc\u30b9)\u3092\u691c\u7d22\u3057\u30012\u56de\u76ee\u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u305f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u3001
<> 0\u3067INSTR\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u304c0\u3067\u306a\u3044\u3001\u3059\u306a\u308f\u30612\u56de\u76ee\u306e\u30b9\u30da\u30fc\u30b9\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u884c\u3092\u691c\u7d22\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u4f8b\uff09
SELECT employee_id, employee_name FROM employees WHERE SUBSTR(employee_name, 1, 2) = ‘\u4f50\u85e4’;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SELECT employee_id, employee_name FROM employees WHERE INSTR(employee_name, ‘\u4f50\u85e4’) = 1;
SUBSTR\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u5f15\u6570\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\u95a2\u6570\u3001INSTR\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u5f15\u6570\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u4e2d\u304b\u3089\u691c\u7d22\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3092\u691c\u7d22\u3057\u3001
\u305d\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3092\u6570\u5024\u3067\u8fd4\u3059\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u82d7\u5b57\u304c\u300c\u4f50\u85e4\u300d\u3067\u59cb\u307e\u308b\u5f93\u696d\u54e1\u3092\u691c\u7d22\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306f\u3001EMPLOYEE_NAME\u5217\u306e\u6700\u521d\u306e2\u6587\u5b57\u304c\u300c\u4f50\u85e4\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3088\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3001
SUBSTR\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u6700\u521d\u306e2\u6587\u5b57\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u6bd4\u8f03\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3001INSTR\u95a2\u6570\u30671\u6587\u5b57\u76ee\u304b\u3089\u300c\u4f50\u85e4\u300d\u304c\u51fa\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
INSTR\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u3001\u5f15\u6570\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u306em\u6587\u5b57\u76ee\u4ee5\u964d\u304b\u3089n\u56de\u76ee\u306b\u51fa\u73fe\u3057\u305f\u691c\u7d22\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u306e\u5148\u982d\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u691c\u7d22\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u304c\u898b\u3064\u304b\u3089\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306f0\uff08\u30bc\u30ed\uff09\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000INSTR(\u6587\u5b57\u5217, \u691c\u7d22\u6587\u5b57\u5217[, m][, n])<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8a2d\u554f\u306eSQL\u6587\u3067\u306f\u3001PROD_NAME\u5217\u306e1\u6587\u5b57\u76ee\u304b\u3089\u300c\u3000\u300d(\u30b9\u30da\u30fc\u30b9)\u3092\u691c\u7d22\u3057\u30012\u56de\u76ee\u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u305f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u3001
<> 0\u3067INSTR\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u304c0\u3067\u306a\u3044\u3001\u3059\u306a\u308f\u30612\u56de\u76ee\u306e\u30b9\u30da\u30fc\u30b9\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u884c\u3092\u691c\u7d22\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SELECT prod_name FROM products
\u3000WHERE INSTR(prod_name, ‘ ‘, 1, 2) <> 0;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
   <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0TRUNC\u95a2\u6570
TRUNC(SYSDATE, ‘YEAR’)\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u306f”10-01-01″\u3067\u3042\u308b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
TRUNC(SYSDATE, ‘MONTH’)\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u306f”10-12-01″\u3067\u3042\u308b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
TRUNC(SYSDATE, ‘DD’)\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u306f”10-12-25″\u3067\u3042\u308b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
TRUNC\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u3001\u5f15\u6570\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u65e5\u4ed8\u5024\u3092\u5207\u308a\u6368\u3066\u3066\u8fd4\u3059\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
TRUNC\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u3001\u5f15\u6570\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u65e5\u4ed8\u5024\u3092\u5207\u308a\u6368\u3066\u3066\u8fd4\u3059\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3069\u306e\u5358\u4f4d\u3067\u5207\u308a\u6368\u3066\u308b\u306e\u304b\u306f\u66f8\u5f0f\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u4e3b\u306a\u66f8\u5f0f\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3068\u304a\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u53c2\u8003\uff1a
\u65e5\u4ed8\u5024\u3092\u5f15\u6570\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308bTRUNC\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u3001\u5358\u4e00\u884c\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u3046\u3061\u306e\u65e5\u4ed8\u95a2\u6570\u306b\u5206\u985e\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u5f15\u6570\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u65e5\u4ed8\u5024\u3092\u5207\u308a\u6368\u3066\u3066\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u4f7f\u7528\u6cd5\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000TRUNC(\u65e5\u4ed8[, \u66f8\u5f0f])<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3069\u306e\u5358\u4f4d\u3067\u5207\u308a\u6368\u3066\u308b\u306e\u304b\u306f\u66f8\u5f0f\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u4e3b\u306a\u66f8\u5f0f\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3068\u304a\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u66f8\u5f0f\u304c\u7701\u7565\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306f”DD”\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u51e6\u7406\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
TRUNC\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u6570\u5024\u95a2\u6570\u306b\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u52d5\u4f5c\u304c\u7570\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u3001\u4e3b\u306a\u65e5\u4ed8\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3068\u304a\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
  <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u95a2\u6570
\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3092\u9023\u7d50\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u9023\u7d50\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50||\u3067\u9023\u7d50\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u306e\u307b\u304b\u3001CONCAT\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u9023\u7d50\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u4f8b\uff09
\u30fbSELECT CONCAT(‘My name is ‘, employee_name) FROM employees;
\u30fbSELECT ‘My name is ‘ || employee_name FROM employees;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53c2\u8003\uff1a
CONCAT\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u3001\u5358\u4e00\u884c\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u3046\u3061\u306e\u6587\u5b57\u95a2\u6570\u306b\u5206\u985e\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u5f15\u6570\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f2\u3064\u306e\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3092\u9023\u7d50\u3057\u3066\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u4f7f\u7528\u6cd5\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000CONCAT(\u6587\u5b57\u52171, \u6587\u5b57\u52172)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
CONCAT\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u9023\u7d50\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50||\u3067\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3092\u9023\u7d50\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3068\u540c\u3058\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u3001\u4e3b\u306a\u6587\u5b57\u95a2\u6570\u306b\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3082\u306e\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u30fbMOD\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u5f15\u6570\u3067\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u6570\u5024\u306e\u9664\u7b97\u306e\u4f59\u308a\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u4f7f\u7528\u6cd5\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000MOD(n, m)
\u3000\u3000\u3000n\uff1a\u5272\u3089\u308c\u308b\u6570
\u3000\u3000\u3000m\uff1a\u5272\u308b\u6570<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f8b) MOD\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u4f8b
\u5546\uff08\u5272\u308a\u7b97\u306e\u7d50\u679c\uff09\u3067\u306f\u7121\u304f\u3001\u4f59\u308a\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\u306e\u3067\u6ce8\u610f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u5546\u306f\u7b97\u8853\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u306e\u300c\/\u300d\u3067\u6c42\u3081\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u672b\u5c3e\u304b\u3089\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u5b57\u76ee\u3092\u62bd\u51fa
\u30fbSELECT prod_name
\u3000FROM products
\u3000WHERE INSTR(prod_name, ‘i’) != 0
\u3000\u3000AND SUBSTR(prod_name, -3, 1) = ‘\u30e9’;
INSTR(prod_name, ‘i’)\u306f\u3001PROD_NAME\u5217\u304b\u3089\u300ci\u300d\u3092\u691c\u7d22\u3057\u305d\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\u304b\u3001\u898b\u3064\u304b\u3089\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306f0(\u30bc\u30ed)\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
!= 0\u306f\u30010(\u30bc\u30ed)\u3067\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001INSTR\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u304c0\u3067\u306a\u3044\u3001\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061PROD_NAME\u5217\u306b\u300ci\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6587\u5b57\u304c\u898b\u3064\u304b\u3063\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6761\u4ef6\u3067\u3059\u3002
SUBSTR(prod_name, -3, 1)\u306f\u3001PROD_NAME\u5217\u306e\u672b\u5c3e\u304b\u30893\u6587\u5b57\u76ee\u3092\u793a\u3059\u306e\u3067\u8a2d\u554f\u306eSQL\u6587\u3068\u540c\u3058\u6761\u4ef6\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
INSTR\u95a2\u6570\u3067PROD_NAME\u306e\u30b9\u30da\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3092\u691c\u7d22\u3057\u3001\u7d50\u679c\u304c0\u3067\u306a\u3044(\u30b9\u30da\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3092\u8fd4\u3059)\u884c\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000INSTR(prod_name,’ ‘) <> 0\u3000\u3000\u203b\u4e0d\u7b49\u53f7\u306f\u300c!=\u300d\u300c^=\u300d\u3082\u4f7f\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fb\u30b9\u30da\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u5f8c\u306e1\u3064\u76ee\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u304c\u5927\u6587\u5b57\u306e\u300cL\u300d\u3082\u3057\u304f\u306f\u5c0f\u6587\u5b57\u306e\u300cl\u300d\u3067\u59cb\u307e\u308b
SUBSTR\u95a2\u6570\u3067PROD_NAME\u306e\u30b9\u30da\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u5f8c\u306e\u6587\u5b57\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000SUBSTR(prod_name, INSTR(prod_name,’ ‘)+1) : \u30b9\u30da\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u5f8c\u304b\u3089\u672b\u5c3e\u307e\u3067\u306e\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3092\u8fd4\u3059
\u3000SUBSTR(prod_name, INSTR(prod_name,’ ‘)+1, 1) : \u30b9\u30da\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u5f8c\u306e1\u6587\u5b57\u3092\u8fd4\u3059<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u307e\u305f\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u304c\u5927\u6587\u5b57\u304b\u5c0f\u6587\u5b57\u3092\u554f\u308f\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001UPPER\u95a2\u6570\u304bLOWER\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u5927\u6587\u5b57\u3001\u5c0f\u6587\u5b57\u306e\u3044\u305a\u308c\u304b\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3057\u305f\u4e0a\u3067\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
   <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0MONTHS_BETWEEN\u95a2\u6570
MONTHS_BETWEEN\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u3001\u5f15\u6570\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f2\u3064\u306e\u65e5\u4ed8\u9593\u306e\u6708\u6570\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000MONTHS_BETWEEN(\u65e5\u4ed81, \u65e5\u4ed82)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u65e5\u4ed81\u304c\u65e5\u4ed82\u3088\u308a\u3082\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u65e5\u4ed8\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u8ca0\u306e\u5024\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
1\u30f6\u6708\u672a\u6e80\u306e\u5024\u306f\u5c0f\u6570\u3067\u8fd4\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u65e5\u4ed81\u3068\u65e5\u4ed82\u304c\u3001\u6708\u306e\u540c\u3058\u65e5\u307e\u305f\u306f\u6708\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u65e5\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u7d50\u679c\u306f\u5e38\u306b\u6574\u6570\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u8a2d\u554f\u3067\u306f’12-02-29’\u306e\u307b\u3046\u304c\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u65e5\u4ed8\u3067\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3001\u8ca0\u306e\u5024\u304c\u8fd4\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u307e\u305f\u3001’12-02-29’\u306f2\u6708\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u65e5(2012\u5e74\u306f\u3046\u308b\u3046\u5e74\u3067\u3059)\u3001’12-05-31’\u306f5\u6708\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u65e5\u3067\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3001\u6574\u6570\u304c\u8fd4\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0SYSDATE\u95a2\u6570
SYSDATE\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u63a5\u7d9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u306e\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u65e5\u6642\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u3059\u3002
\u8a2d\u554f\u3067\u306f\u30b7\u30f3\u30ac\u30dd\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u306b\u63a5\u7d9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001SYSDATE\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u5b9f\u884c\u7d50\u679c\u306f\u30b7\u30f3\u30ac\u30dd\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u65e5\u6642\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53c2\u8003\uff1a
SYSDATE\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u3001\u5358\u4e00\u884c\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u3046\u3061\u306e\u65e5\u4ed8\u95a2\u6570\u306b\u5206\u985e\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u63a5\u7d9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u306e\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u65e5\u6642\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u4f7f\u7528\u6cd5\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000SYSDATE<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
SYSDATE\u95a2\u6570\u306b\u306f\u5f15\u6570\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u306a\u304a\u3001\u63a5\u7d9a\u5148\u306e\u73fe\u5728\u6642\u523b\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u30ed\u30fc\u30ab\u30eb\u30de\u30b7\u30f3\u306e\u73fe\u5728\u6642\u523b\u3092\u8868\u793a\u3057\u305f\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306f\u3001CURRENT_DATE\u95a2\u6570\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000CURRENT_DATE<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u4e3b\u306a\u65e5\u4ed8\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3068\u304a\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
   <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0\u5358\u4e00\u884c\u95a2\u6570
Oracle Database\u306b\u4e88\u3081\u7528\u610f\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308bSQL\u95a2\u6570\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5358\u4e00\u884c\u95a2\u6570\u3068\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u95a2\u6570\u306e2\u7a2e\u985e\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bcMOD\u95a2\u6570
\u30fbMOD:\u9664\u7b97\u306e\u4f59\u308a\u3092\u8fd4\u3059<\/p>\n\n\n\n
MOD\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u5f15\u6570\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6570\u5024\u306e\u9664\u7b97\u306e\u4f59\u308a\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3000\u3000MOD(n, m)
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000n\uff1a\u5272\u3089\u308c\u308b\u6570
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000m\uff1a\u5272\u308b\u6570<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bcTRIM\u95a2\u6570
\u30fbTRIM:\u6570\u5024\u3001\u65e5\u4ed8\u5024\u3092\u5207\u308a\u6368\u3066\u3066\u8fd4\u3059
TRIM\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u5f15\u6570\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u306e\u524d\u5f8c\u306b\u3042\u308b\u524a\u9664\u6587\u5b57\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u9664\u3044\u3066\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3000\u3000TRIM([LEADING | TRAILING | BOTH] [\u524a\u9664\u6587\u5b57] FROM \u6587\u5b57\u5217)
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u307e\u305f\u306f
\u3000\u3000TRIM(\u6587\u5b57\u5217)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bcLAST_DAY\u95a2\u6570
\u30fbLAST_DAY:\u6708\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u65e5\u306e\u65e5\u4ed8\u3092\u8fd4\u3059
LAST_DAY\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u5f15\u6570\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u65e5\u4ed8\u3092\u542b\u3080\u6708\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u65e5\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3000\u3000LAST_DAY(\u65e5\u4ed8)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bcINITCAP\u95a2\u6570
\u30fbINITCAP:
INITCAP\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u5f15\u6570\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u4e2d\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u306e\u5148\u982d\u6587\u5b57\u3092\u5927\u6587\u5b57\u3001\u305d\u308c\u4ee5\u5916\u3092\u5c0f\u6587\u5b57\u3067\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3000\u3000INITCAP(\u6587\u5b57\u5217)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bcSUBSTR\u95a2\u6570
\u30fbSUBSTR:
SUBSTR\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u5f15\u6570\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u306em\u6587\u5b57\u76ee\u304b\u3089n\u6587\u5b57\u5206\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3000\u3000SUBSTR(\u6587\u5b57\u5217, m[, n])<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bcROUND\u95a2\u6570
\u30fbROUND:\u6570\u5024\u3001\u65e5\u4ed8\u5024\u3092\u56db\u6368\u4e94\u5165\u3057\u3066\u8fd4\u3059
ROUND\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u5f15\u6570\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6570\u5024\u307e\u305f\u306f\u65e5\u4ed8\u5024\u3092\u56db\u6368\u4e94\u5165\u3057\u3066\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3000\u3000ROUND(\u6570\u5024 [, n])
\u3000\u3000ROUND(\u65e5\u4ed8\u5024[, ‘\u66f8\u5f0f’])<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5358\u4e00\u884c\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u51e6\u7406\u5185\u5bb9\u7b49\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5206\u985e\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u30fbSELECT NEXT_DAY(’12-03-26′, ‘\u65e5’) FROM dual;
12-03-26\u304c\u6708\u66dc\u65e5\u306e\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3001NEXT_DAY\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u7fcc\u65e5\u4ee5\u964d\u3067\u6700\u521d\u306e\u65e5\u66dc\u65e5\u304c\u8fd4\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u5b9f\u884c\u7d50\u679c\u306f”12-04-01″\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fbSELECT ADD_MONTHS(’12-01-01′, 4) FROM dual;
12-01-01\u306e4\u30f6\u6708\u5f8c\u3067\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3001\u5b9f\u884c\u7d50\u679c\u306f”12-05-01″\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u5f53\u6708\u65e5\u4ed8\u306f1\u30ab\u30a6\u30f3\u30c8\u3057\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u7fcc\u6708\u304b\u3089\u30ab\u30a6\u30f3\u30c8\u304c\u59cb\u307e\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fbSELECT LAST_DAY(’12-03-01′) + 1 FROM dual;
LAST_DAY\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u5f53\u6708\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u65e5\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u3068”12-03-31″\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u30671\u65e5\u3092\u52a0\u7b97\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u7fcc\u65e5\u306e”12-04-01″\u304c\u8fd4\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
              <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0INITCAP\u95a2\u6570
INITCAP\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u3001\u5f15\u6570\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u4e2d\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u306e\u5148\u982d\u6587\u5b57\u3092\u5927\u6587\u5b57\u3001\u305d\u308c\u4ee5\u5916\u3092\u5c0f\u6587\u5b57\u3067\u8fd4\u3059\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u3059\u3002
\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u300cmerry x’mas\u300d\u306f\u30b9\u30da\u30fc\u30b9\u3068\u300c’\u300d\u304c\u5358\u8a9e\u306e\u533a\u5207\u308a\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a8d\u8b58\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u300cMerry X’Mas\u300d\u304c\u8fd4\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u53c2\u8003\uff1a
INITCAP\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u3001\u5358\u4e00\u884c\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u3046\u3061\u306e\u6587\u5b57\u95a2\u6570\u306b\u5206\u985e\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u5f15\u6570\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u4e2d\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u306e\u5148\u982d\u6587\u5b57\u3092\u5927\u6587\u5b57\u3001\u305d\u308c\u4ee5\u5916\u3092\u5c0f\u6587\u5b57\u3067\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u4f7f\u7528\u6cd5\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000INITCAP(\u6587\u5b57\u5217)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u4e2d\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u306e\u533a\u5207\u308a\u306f\u30b9\u30da\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u4ed6 ,(\u30ab\u30f3\u30de)\u3084 -(\u30cf\u30a4\u30d5\u30f3)\u306a\u3069\u306e\u8a18\u53f7\u3082\u5358\u8a9e\u306e\u533a\u5207\u308a\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a8d\u8b58\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
              <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b
\u8a2d\u554f\u306eSQL\u6587\u306eSYSDATE – hiredate(\u65e5\u4ed8\u5024 – \u65e5\u4ed8\u5024)\u306f\u30012\u3064\u306e\u65e5\u4ed8\u5024\u9593\u306e\u65e5\u6570\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u6f14\u7b97\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u306f\u6570\u5024\u3067\u3059\u3002
\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306eSQL\u6587\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u306f\u3001TO_CHAR(hiredate, ‘RR’)\u3067\u5e74\u3060\u3051\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3068\u3057\u3066\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u3057\u3001
\u305d\u308c\u306b\u6570\u5024\u3092\u52a0\u7b97\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u6697\u9ed9\u7684\u306a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u5909\u63db\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u6570\u5024\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u8fd4\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fbSELECT SYSDATE + hiredate FROM employees;
\u65e5\u4ed8\u5024 + \u65e5\u4ed8\u5024\u306e\u6f14\u7b97\u306f\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fbSELECT TRUNC(hiredate) FROM employees;
\u65e5\u4ed8\u5024\u3092\u5f15\u6570\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308bTRUNC\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u3001\u66f8\u5f0f\u304c\u7701\u7565\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306f”DD”\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3057\u3066
\u65e5\u4ed8\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u5f53\u65e5\u306e\u5348\u524d0\u6642\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u306f\u65e5\u4ed8\u5024\u3067\u3059\u3002
\u3000TRUNC(\u65e5\u4ed8[, \u66f8\u5f0f]) : \u5f15\u6570\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u65e5\u4ed8\u5024\u3092\u5207\u308a\u6368\u3066\u3066\u8fd4\u3059<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fbSELECT ADD_MONTHS(hiredate, 3) FROM employees;
ADD_MONTHS\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u3001\u5f15\u6570\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u65e5\u4ed8\u306en\u30f6\u6708\u5f8c\u306e\u65e5\u4ed8\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u3059\u3002
HIREDATE\u306e\u65e5\u4ed8\u304b\u30893\u304b\u6708\u5f8c\u306e\u65e5\u4ed8\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\u306e\u3067\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u306f\u65e5\u4ed8\u5024\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fbSELECT TO_NUMBER(hiredate) + 7 FROM employees;
TO_NUMBER\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3092\u6570\u5024\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5f15\u6570\u306b\u65e5\u4ed8\u5024\u306f\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u305a\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0\u6570\u5024\u66f8\u5f0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000SELECT TO_CHAR(-1.99, ‘9.990’) FROM dual;
TO_CHAR\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u7b2c2\u5f15\u6570\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6570\u5024\u66f8\u5f0f\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u5c0f\u6570\u90e8\u5206\u306f3\u6841\u3067\u8868\u793a\u3057\u3001\u6841\u6570\u304c\u8db3\u308a\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306f0\u3067\u57cb\u3081\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u6574\u6570\u90e8\u5206\u306f1\u6841\u3067\u3001\u6841\u6570\u304c\u8db3\u308a\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306f0\u3067\u57cb\u3081\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7b2c1\u5f15\u6570\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6570\u5024\u306e\u5c0f\u6570\u90e8\u5206\u306f2\u6841\u3067\u3059\u306e\u3067\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u4ee5\u4e0b3\u6841\u76ee\u30920\u3067\u57cb\u3081\u3066\u300c990\u300d\u3001
\u6574\u6570\u90e8\u5206\u306f1\u6841\u3067\u3059\u306e\u3067\u300c1\u300d\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u307e\u305f\u3001\u7b2c1\u5f15\u6570\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6570\u5024\u306f\u8ca0\u306e\u5024\u3067\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3001\u6570\u5024\u66f8\u5f0f\u306b\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u5909\u63db\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u306b-\u7b26\u53f7\u304c\u9069\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u53c2\u8003\uff1a
TO_CHAR\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u3001\u6570\u5024\u3084\u65e5\u4ed8\u5024\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u66f8\u5f0f\u306b\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3059\u308b\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u3059\u3002
\u7b2c1\u5f15\u6570\u306b\u6570\u5024\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u6570\u5024\u3092\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3078\u5909\u63db\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u66f8\u5f0f\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000TO_CHAR(\u6570\u5024 [, ‘\u6570\u5024\u66f8\u5f0f’] [, NLS\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf])<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u6570\u5024\u66f8\u5f0f\u306f\u6570\u5024\u3092\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306e\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30c3\u30c8\u3067\u3059\u3002\u6570\u5024\u66f8\u5f0f\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3067\u304d\u308b\u4e3b\u306a\u8981\u7d20\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3068\u304a\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u6570\u5024\u66f8\u5f0f\u304c\u7701\u7565\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u7b2c1\u5f15\u6570\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6570\u5024\u306e\u6709\u52b9\u6841\u6570\u3092\u4fdd\u6301\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5341\u5206\u306a\u9577\u3055\u306e\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
NLS\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u6587\u5b57\u3001\u6841\u533a\u5207\u308a\u6587\u5b57\u3001\u56fd\u969b\u901a\u8ca8\u8a18\u53f7\u3001\u5404\u56fd\u901a\u8ca8\u8a18\u53f7\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001
\u7701\u7565\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u5024\u304c\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u306a\u304a\u3001\u7b2c1\u5f15\u6570\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u6570\u5024\u3088\u308a\u3082\u6570\u5024\u66f8\u5f0f\u306e\u6841\u6570\u304c\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306a\u3069\u3001\u6570\u5024\u3092\u9069\u5207\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001
\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b#\u8a18\u53f7\u304c\u8868\u793a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u7b2c1\u5f15\u6570\u306e\u6570\u5024\u306b\u30de\u30a4\u30ca\u30b9\u306e\u5024\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u6570\u5024\u66f8\u5f0f\u306b\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u5909\u63db\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u306b-\u7b26\u53f7\u304c\u9069\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
TO_CHAR\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u6570\u5024\u3092\u66f8\u5f0f\u5316\u3057\u305f\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u8a2d\u554f\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6570\u5024\u30923\u6841\u3054\u3068\u306b\u30ab\u30f3\u30de(,)\u3067\u533a\u5207\u308a\u3001\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u4ee5\u4e0b1\u6841\u3092\u8868\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u30ab\u30f3\u30de(,)\u3084\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9(.)\u306f\u6570\u5024\u66f8\u5f0f\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001
\u30ab\u30f3\u30de\u306f\u300cG\u300d\u3001\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u306f\u300cD\u300d\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u307e\u305f\u3001\u00a5\u8a18\u53f7\u3092\u8868\u793a\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u30ed\u30fc\u30ab\u30eb\u901a\u8ca8\u8a18\u53f7\u306e\u300cL\u300d\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u53c2\u8003\uff1a
TO_CHAR\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u3001\u6570\u5024\u3084\u65e5\u4ed8\u5024\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u66f8\u5f0f\u306b\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3059\u308b\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u3059\u3002
\u7b2c1\u5f15\u6570\u306b\u6570\u5024\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u6570\u5024\u3092\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3078\u5909\u63db\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u66f8\u5f0f\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000TO_CHAR(\u6570\u5024 [, ‘\u6570\u5024\u66f8\u5f0f’] [, NLS\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf])<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0DECODE\u95a2\u6570<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u4f8b\uff09
\u30fbSELECT employee_id, employee_name, DECODE(salary, salary > 400000, ‘High’, salary < 200000, ‘low’, ‘middle’) sal FROM employees;
DECODE\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u306b\u6bd4\u8f03\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
CASE\u5f0f\u3067\u306f\u3001WHEN\u53e5\u3067\u6bd4\u8f03\u6761\u4ef6\u3084IN\u3084LIKE\u306a\u3069\u306e\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u304c\u4f7f\u7528\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001DECODE\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u306f\u4f7f\u7528\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u4f8b\uff09
\u30fbSELECT employee_id, employee_name, DECODE(NULLIF(salary, 500000), salary, 250000*1.1, NULL, hiredate) sal FROM employees;
\u30fbSELECT employee_id, employee_name, DECODE(NULLIF(salary, 500000), NULL, salary, ‘-‘) sal FROM employees;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
DECODE\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u623b\u308a\u5024\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u306f\u7b2c3\u5f15\u6570\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u623b\u308a\u5024\u306e\u578b\u304c\u63a1\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u7570\u306a\u308b\u578b\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u6697\u9ed9\u7684\u306a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u5909\u63db\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u308c\u3070\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u6697\u9ed9\u7684\u306a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u5909\u63db\u304c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306f\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
1\u3064\u3081\u306eSQL\u6587\u3067\u306f\u3001\u7b2c3\u5f15\u6570\u306b\u306f\u6570\u5024\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf(250000*1.1)\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001
\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u30012\u3064\u76ee\u306e\u623b\u308a\u5024\u3068\u3057\u3066\u65e5\u4ed8\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf(hiredate)\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u65e5\u4ed8\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306f\u6697\u9ed9\u7684\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u5909\u63db\u3067\u6570\u5024\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3078\u5909\u63db\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u307e\u305f\u30012\u3064\u76ee\u306eSQL\u6587\u3067\u306f\u3001\u7b2c3\u5f15\u6570\u306b\u306f\u6570\u5024\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf(salary)\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001
\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u30012\u3064\u76ee\u306e\u623b\u308a\u5024\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6587\u5b57\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf(‘-‘)\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
‘-‘\u306f\u6697\u9ed9\u7684\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u5909\u63db\u3067\u6570\u5024\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3078\u5909\u63db\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u3053\u306eSQL\u6587\u3082\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0COALESCE\u95a2\u6570
COALESCE\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u5f15\u6570\u306e\u5024\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u6700\u521d\u306b\u898b\u3064\u304b\u3063\u305fNULL\u5024\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u5024\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u3059
\u306a\u304a\u3001COALESCE\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u5f15\u6570\u306f\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u540c\u3058\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u306e\u5024\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
\u7570\u306a\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u306e\u5024\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3068\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059(\u6697\u9ed9\u7684\u306a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u5909\u63db\u306f\u884c\u308f\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093)\u3002
\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u5f15\u6570\u304cNULL\u5024\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001COALESCE\u95a2\u6570\u306fNULL\u5024\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306eSQL\u6587\u306e\u3046\u3061\u3001
\u30fbSELECT COALESCE(employee_id, employee_name, hiredate) FROM employees;
\u306f\u3001EMPLOYEE_ID\u5217\u3001EMPLOYEE_NAME\u5217\u3001HIREDATE\u5217\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u304c\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308cNUMBER\u578b\u3001VARCHAR2\u578b\u3001
DATE\u578b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u6b21\u306eSQL\u6587\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8aa4\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306f\u3069\u308c\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002
\u3000SELECT x, y, COALESCE(x * 12 + y, x, y)
\u3000FROM dual;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0\u65e5\u4ed8\u5024\u30fb\u65e5\u4ed8\u66f8\u5f0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u8a2d\u554f
\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u65e5\u4ed8\u306f2012\u5e7406\u670823\u65e5\u3067\u3059\u3002
1999\u5e744\u67081\u65e5\u304b\u3089\u73fe\u5728\u307e\u3067\u306e\u65e5\u6570\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u3069\u306eSQL\u6587\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304b(\u8a72\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3092\u3059\u3079\u3066\u9078\u629e\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044)\u3002
\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u5b9f\u884c\u74b0\u5883\u306f\u82f1\u8a9e\u74b0\u5883\u3068\u3057\u3001\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u306e\u65e5\u4ed8\u306e\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u306f\u300cRR-MM-DD\u300d\u3068\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u65e5\u4ed8\u5024\u304b\u3089\u65e5\u4ed8\u5024\u3092\u6e1b\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u3068\u30012\u3064\u306e\u65e5\u4ed8\u9593\u306e\u65e5\u6570\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u8a2d\u554f\u3067\u306f\u300c1999\u5e744\u67081\u65e5\u300d\u304b\u3089\u73fe\u5728\u307e\u3067\u306b\u7d4c\u904e\u3057\u305f\u65e5\u6570\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u306e\u3067\u30012\u3064\u306e\u65e5\u4ed8\u306e\u65e5\u4ed8\u5024\u3092\u53d6\u5f97\u3057\u3001\u6e1b\u7b97\u3092\u884c\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u65e5\u4ed8\u306e\u65e5\u4ed8\u5024\u306fSYSDATE\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u53d6\u5f97\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3001\u300c1999\u5e744\u67081\u65e5\u300d\u306e\u65e5\u4ed8\u5024\u306fTO_DATE\u95a2\u6570\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u65e5\u4ed8\u5024\u3092\u53d6\u5f97\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u25bc\u6b63\u3057\u3044SQL\u4f8b\uff09
SELECT SYSDATE – TO_DATE(’99-04-01′, ‘RR-MM-DD’) FROM dual;
SELECT SYSDATE – TO_DATE(‘1999-Apr-01’, ‘YYYY-Mon-DD’) FROM dual;
SELECT TO_DATE(SYSDATE, ‘RR-MM-DD’) – TO_DATE(’99-04-01′, ‘RR-MM-DD’) FROM dual;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u4f8b\uff09
\u30fbSELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE) – ’99-04-01′ FROM dual;
\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u540c\u58eb\u306e\u6f14\u7b97\u306f\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u306e\u3067\u3001\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fbSELECT SYSDATE – TO_DATE(’99-04-01′, ‘YY-MM-DD’) FROM dual;
\u65e5\u4ed8\u66f8\u5f0f\u306e\u300cYY\u300d\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u4e16\u7d00\u306e\u4e0b2\u6841\u306e\u5e74\u306e\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3001TO_DATE\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u300c2099\u5e744\u67081\u65e5\u300d\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fbSELECT SYSDATE – TO_DATE(’01-Apr-99′) FROM dual;
TO_DATE\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u65e5\u4ed8\u66f8\u5f0f\u304c\u7701\u7565\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u306e\u65e5\u4ed8\u66f8\u5f0f\u304c\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u8a2d\u554f\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u306e\u65e5\u4ed8\u66f8\u5f0f\u306f\u300cRR-MM-DD\u300d\u3067\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3068\u65e5\u4ed8\u66f8\u5f0f\u304c\u4e00\u81f4\u305b\u305a\u3001\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u6b63\u3057\u3044SQL)
\u30fbSELECT startdate + ’10’ FROM prod;
DATE\u578b\u306eSTARTDATE\u5217\u306e\u5024\u306b\u6587\u5b57\u30ea\u30c6\u30e9\u30eb\u3092\u52a0\u7b97\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
DATE\u578b\u3068\u6587\u5b57\u578b\u306e\u52a0\u7b97\u306f\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001’10’\u306f\u6697\u9ed9\u7684\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u5909\u63db\u3067\u6570\u5024\u306e10\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3055\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001
STARTDATE\u5217\u306e\u5024\u306b10\u65e5\u3092\u52a0\u7b97\u3057\u305f\u5024\u304c\u8fd4\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u30fbSELECT * FROM prod WHERE startdate = ’10-01-30′;
WHERE\u53e5\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6587\u5b57\u30ea\u30c6\u30e9\u30eb\u304c\u6697\u9ed9\u7684\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u5909\u63db\u3067DATE\u578b\u306e\u5024\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3055\u308c\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u306b\u8a72\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u5217\u304c\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u30fbSELECT * FROM prod WHERE startdate > ’05\/01\/01′;
WHERE\u53e5\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6587\u5b57\u30ea\u30c6\u30e9\u30eb\u304c\u6697\u9ed9\u7684\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u5909\u63db\u3067DATE\u578b\u306e\u5024\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3055\u308c\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u306b\u8a72\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u5217\u304c\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3001\u65e5\u4ed8\u66f8\u5f0f\u304c”RR-MM-DD”\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306e\u306b\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u30ea\u30c6\u30e9\u30eb\u3092”RR\/MM\/DD”\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7570\u306a\u308b\u533a\u5207\u308a\u6587\u5b57\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3057\u304b\u3057Oracle Database\u306f\u533a\u5207\u308a\u6587\u5b57\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u67d4\u8edf\u6027\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u5909\u63db\u3057\u307e\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3001\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u4f8b\uff09
\u30fbSELECT startdate + ’12-01-01′ FROM prod;
DATE\u578b\u306eSTARTDATE\u5217\u306e\u5024\u306b\u65e5\u4ed8\u30ea\u30c6\u30e9\u30eb\u3092\u52a0\u7b97\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001DATE\u578b\u540c\u58eb\u306e\u52a0\u7b97\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001
Oracle Database\u306f\u65e5\u4ed8\u30ea\u30c6\u30e9\u30eb\u3092\u6570\u5024\u3078\u3068\u6697\u9ed9\u7684\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u5909\u63db\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001’12-01-01’\u3092\u6570\u5024\u3078\u5909\u63db\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u30fbSELECT ‘name:’ + name FROM prod;
\u6587\u5b57\u30ea\u30c6\u30e9\u30eb\u3068\u6587\u5b57\u578b\u306e\u5024\u3092\u9023\u7d50\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u9023\u7d50\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50(||)\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002”+”\u3067\u306f\u9023\u7d50\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u306e\u3067\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u65e5\u4ed8\u66f8\u5f0f
\u65e5\u4ed8\u66f8\u5f0f\u306f\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u3067\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307f\u30e2\u30fc\u30c9\u304c\u6709\u52b9\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307f\u30e2\u30fc\u30c9\u304c\u6709\u52b9\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u6570\u5024\u304c1\u6841\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306b\u5148\u982d\u306b0\u4ed8\u304d\u3067\u8868\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u308a\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u306e\u524d\u5f8c\u306b\u30b9\u30da\u30fc\u30b9\u4ed8\u304d\u3067\u8868\u793a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307f\u30e2\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u7121\u52b9\u306b\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u65e5\u4ed8\u66f8\u5f0f\u306b\u300cFM\u300d\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8a2d\u554f\u3067\u306f\u3001\u300c01st\u300d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u300c1st\u300d\u3067\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307f\u30e2\u30fc\u30c9\u7121\u52b9\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002
\u300cJune\u300d\u306e\u5f8c\u308d\u306b\u30b9\u30da\u30fc\u30b9\u304c\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u3001\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307f\u30e2\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u7121\u52b9\u306b\u3057\u3066\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u300cFM\u300d\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5ea6\u306b\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307f\u30e2\u30fc\u30c9\u306e\u6709\u52b9\/\u7121\u52b9\u304c\u5207\u308a\u66ff\u308f\u308b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u4f8b\uff09
\u30fbSELECT SYSDATE – TO_DATE(’99-04-01′, ‘YY-MM-DD’) FROM dual;
\u65e5\u4ed8\u66f8\u5f0f\u306e\u300cYY\u300d\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u4e16\u7d00\u306e\u4e0b2\u6841\u306e\u5e74\u306e\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3001TO_DATE\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u300c2099\u5e744\u67081\u65e5\u300d\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u4f8b\uff09
\u30fbSELECT SYSDATE – TO_DATE(’01-Apr-99′) FROM dual;
TO_DATE\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u65e5\u4ed8\u66f8\u5f0f\u304c\u7701\u7565\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u306e\u65e5\u4ed8\u66f8\u5f0f\u304c\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u8a2d\u554f\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u306e\u65e5\u4ed8\u66f8\u5f0f\u306f\u300cRR-MM-DD\u300d\u3067\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3068\u65e5\u4ed8\u66f8\u5f0f\u304c\u4e00\u81f4\u305b\u305a\u3001\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u65e5\u4ed8\u66f8\u5f0f2
TO_DATE\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u66f8\u5f0f\u306b\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u65e5\u4ed8\u5024\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3059\u308b\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000TO_DATE(\u6587\u5b57\u5217 [, ‘\u65e5\u4ed8\u66f8\u5f0f’] [, NLS\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf])<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8a2d\u554f\u306eSQL\u6587\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3068\u65e5\u4ed8\u66f8\u5f0f\u306e\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30c3\u30c8\u304c\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001Oracle Database\u306f\u5225\u306e\u66f8\u5f0f\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u8a66\u884c\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u8a2d\u554f\u3067\u306f\u3001’RR-MM-DD’\u66f8\u5f0f\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3001’2099\/12\/31’\u3068\u7570\u306a\u308b\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001
Oracle Database\u306f’RR’\u8981\u7d20\u3092’RRRR’\u8981\u7d20\u306b\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u3048\u3066\u8a66\u884c\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u300c2099\/12\/31\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
‘RRRR’\u8981\u7d20\u306f\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306b4\u6841\u306e\u6570\u5024\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001’YYYY’\u8981\u7d20\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e4\u6841\u306e\u5e74\u53f7\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u307e\u305f\u3001\u300c-\u300d,\u300c\/\u300d,\u300c.\u300d,\u300c:\u300d\u306a\u3069\u306e\u82f1\u6570\u5b57\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u534a\u89d2\u8a18\u53f7\u306f\u3001\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u7570\u306a\u308b\u8a18\u53f7\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001
\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u306b\u533a\u5207\u308a\u8a18\u53f7\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4e00\u81f4\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306e\u3067\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
TO_DATE\u95a2\u6570\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u65e5\u4ed8\u66f8\u5f0f”RR-MM-DD”\u3067\u51fa\u529b\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3001\u6700\u5f8c\u306bTO_CHAR\u95a2\u6570\u3067”YYYY-MM-DD”\u3068\u3044\u3046
\u66f8\u5f0f\u306e\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3057\u3066\u30014\u6841\u306e\u897f\u66a6\u3092\u8868\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
TO_DATE\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u65e5\u4ed8\u66f8\u5f0f\u3084NLS\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u306f\u7701\u7565\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3059\u3001\u7701\u7565\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306f\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u5024\u304c\u9069\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u74b0\u5883\u3067\u65e5\u4ed8\u66f8\u5f0f\u306e\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u5024\u306f\u300cRR-MM-DD\u300d\u3067\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3001\u8a2d\u554f\u306eSQL\u6587\u306f\u6b63\u5e38\u306b\u5b9f\u884c\u3055\u308c\u3001\u300c2012-05-21\u300d\u304c\u8868\u793a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u65e5\u4ed8\u3092\u8868\u3059\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3092\u66f8\u5f0f\u5316\u3057\u3066\u8868\u793a\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3092TO_DATE\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u65e5\u4ed8\u5024\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3057\u3001
\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u3001TO_CHAR\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u65e5\u4ed8\u66f8\u5f0f\u306b\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u3067\u306f\u3001
\u30fb\u300c\u5e74\u300d\u306f\u30b9\u30da\u30eb\u8868\u8a18
\u30fb\u300c\u6708\u300d\u306f\u540d\u524d\u8868\u8a18
\u30fb\u300c\u65e5\u300d\u306f\u9806\u5e8f\u8868\u8a18
\u3067\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3001\u300c\u5e74\u300d\u306b\u306f\u300cSP\u300d\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3001\u300c\u6708\u300d\u306f\u300cMM\u300d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u300cMonth\u300d\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3001
\u300c\u65e5\u300d\u306f\u300cTH\u300d\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u307e\u305f\u3001\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307f\u30e2\u30fc\u30c9\u304c\u6709\u52b9\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3001\u300cMonth\u300d\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u6642\u306b\u672b\u5c3e\u306b\u30b9\u30da\u30fc\u30b9\u304c\u8868\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001
\u300cFM\u300d\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307f\u30e2\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u7121\u52b9\u306b\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u6b63\u3057\u3044SQL)
SELECT TO_CHAR(TO_DATE(‘2012-Apr-25′,’YYYY-Mon-DD’), ‘DDTH “of” FMMonth, YyyySP’) FROM dual;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0\u6697\u9ed9\u7684\u306a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u5909\u63db
Oracle Database\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u306e\u5909\u63db\u304c\u610f\u5473\u3092\u6301\u3064\u5834\u5408\u306b\u3001
\u81ea\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u306e\u5909\u63db\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3059(\u6697\u9ed9\u7684\u306a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u5909\u63db\u3068\u3044\u3044\u307e\u3059)\u3002
\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u5f15\u6570\u3084WHERE\u53e5\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u7b49\u306b\u671f\u5f85\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u5024\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fbSELECT employee_id, employee_name FROM employees WHERE department_id = ‘1’;
DEPARTMENT_ID\u5217\u306f\u6570\u5024\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001department_id = 1\u3068\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001’1’\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u304c\u6697\u9ed9\u7684\u306a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u5909\u63db\u306b\u3088\u308a
\u6570\u5024\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u306b\u306f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fbSELECT employee_id, CONCAT(employee_name, salary) FROM employees;
CONCAT\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u5f15\u6570\u306b\u306f\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001salary(\u6570\u5024)\u304c\u6697\u9ed9\u7684\u306a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u5909\u63db\u306b\u3088\u308a
\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u306b\u306f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fbSELECT employee_id, employee_name, SUBSTR(hiredate, 1, 5) FROM employees;
SUBSTR\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u5f15\u6570\u306b\u306f\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001hiredate(\u65e5\u4ed8\u5024)\u304c\u6697\u9ed9\u7684\u306a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u5909\u63db\u306b\u3088\u308a
\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u306b\u306f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fbSELECT employee_id, employee_name, hiredate FROM employees WHERE hiredate >= ’10-04-01′;
HIREDATE\u5217\u306f\u65e5\u4ed8\u5024\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001TO_DATE\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u65e5\u4ed8\u5024\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3057\u3066\u304b\u3089\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001
’10-04-01’\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u304c\u6697\u9ed9\u7684\u306a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u5909\u63db\u306b\u3088\u308a\u65e5\u4ed8\u5024\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u306b\u306f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u53c2\u8003\uff1a
Oracle\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5024\u3092\u3042\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u304b\u3089\u5225\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u3078\u5909\u63db\u3059\u308b\u4e8b\u3092\u30b5\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u306e\u5909\u63db\u306b\u306f\u3001\u300c\u6697\u9ed9\u7684\u306a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u5909\u63db\u300d\u3068\u300c\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u5909\u63db\u300d\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000[\u6697\u9ed9\u7684\u306a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u5909\u63db]
\u3000\u3000\u6697\u9ed9\u7684\u306a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u5909\u63db\u3068\u306f\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u306e\u5909\u63db\u304c\u610f\u5473\u3092\u6301\u3064\u5834\u5408\u306b\u3001Oracle Database\u304c\u81ea\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u884c\u3046\u5909\u63db\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5834\u5408\u306b\u5909\u63db\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30fb\u6570\u5024\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u3079\u304d\u3068\u3053\u308d\u306b\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\uff1a\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3092\u6570\u5024\u306b\u5909\u63db
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30fb\u65e5\u4ed8\u30ea\u30c6\u30e9\u30eb\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\uff1a\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u306e\u65e5\u4ed8\u306e\u8868\u793a\u66f8\u5f0f\u306b\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u65e5\u4ed8\u5024\u306b\u5909\u63db
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30fb\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u3079\u304d\u3068\u3053\u308d\u306b\u6570\u5024\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\uff1a\u6570\u5024\u3092\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u306b\u5909\u63db
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30fb\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u3079\u304d\u3068\u3053\u308d\u306b\u65e5\u4ed8\u5024\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\uff1a\u65e5\u4ed8\u5024\u3092\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u306b\u5909\u63db<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f8b) \u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3092\u6570\u5024\u306b\u5909\u63db<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u4f8b2) \u6570\u5024\u3092\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u306b\u5909\u63db<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u4f8b3) \u65e5\u4ed8\u30ea\u30c6\u30e9\u30eb\u3092\u65e5\u4ed8\u5024\u306b\u5909\u63db<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u6697\u9ed9\u7684\u306a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u5909\u63db\u306fSQL\u6587\u304c\u5206\u304b\u308a\u306b\u304f\u304f\u306a\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3001\u30d1\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30b9\u306b\u60aa\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u53ca\u307c\u3059\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u307e\u305f\u3001\u5b9f\u884c\u74b0\u5883\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u306f\u6b63\u5e38\u306b\u52d5\u4f5c\u3057\u306a\u3044\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u306a\u3069\u3001\u6c4e\u7528\u6027\u306b\u3082\u6b20\u3051\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6b21\u306b\u8aac\u660e\u3059\u308b\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u5909\u63db\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u63a8\u5968\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000[\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u5909\u63db]
\u3000\u3000\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u5909\u63db\u3068\u306f\u3001\u5909\u63db\u95a2\u6570\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u884c\u3046\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u5909\u63db\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002Oracle Database\u306b\u306f\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u5909\u63db\u95a2\u6570\u304c\u7528\u610f\u3055\u308c\u3066\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u6570\u5024\u3092\u65e5\u4ed8\u5024\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u65e5\u4ed8\u5024\u3092\u6570\u5024\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3059\u308b\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u306e\u3067\u6c17\u3092\u4ed8\u3051\u3066\u4e0b\u3055\u3044\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306f\u4e3b\u306a\u5909\u63db\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u4f8b\uff09
\u30fbSELECT NVL(MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE, hiredate), SYSDATE) FROM employees;
\u307e\u305aMONTHS_BETWEEN\u95a2\u6570\u304c\u5b9f\u884c\u3055\u308c\u30012\u3064\u306e\u65e5\u4ed8\u9593\u306e\u6708\u6570\u3092\u8868\u3059\u6570\u5024\u304c\u8fd4\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001NVL\u95a2\u6570\u304c\u5b9f\u884c\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001NVL\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u7b2c1\u5f15\u6570\u304c\u6570\u5024\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001
\u7b2c2\u5f15\u6570\u306f\u65e5\u4ed8\u5024\u3067\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u304c\u7570\u306a\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u3053\u306eSQL\u6587\u306f\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
              <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0CASE\u5f0f
CASE\u5f0f\u306b\u306f\u5358\u7d14CASE\u5f0f\u3068\u691c\u7d22CASE\u5f0f\u306e2\u7a2e\u985e\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u8a2d\u554f\u306eSQL\u6587\u3067\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308bCASE\u5f0f\u306f\u691c\u7d22CASE\u5f0f\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
CASE\u5f0f\u306f\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u5f15\u6570\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a18\u8ff0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3057\u3001\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u306e\u623b\u308a\u5024\u306bNULL\u5024\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
             <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0NULLIF\u95a2\u6570
NULLIF\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u7b2c1\u5f15\u6570\u3068\u7b2c2\u5f15\u6570\u304c\u7b49\u3057\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306fNULL\u5024\u3092\u3001\u7b49\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306f\u7b2c1\u5f15\u6570\u306e\u5024\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u306a\u304a\u3001\u7b2c1\u5f15\u6570\u306b\u306f\u30ea\u30c6\u30e9\u30eb\u306eNULL\u5024\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u5024\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u7b2c2\u5f15\u6570\u306fNULL\u5024\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u30fb2\u3064\u306e\u5024\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7b49\u3057\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306bNULL\u3092\u8fd4\u3059
\u30fb1\u756a\u76ee\u306e\u5f15\u6570\u306b\u30ea\u30c6\u30e9\u30ebNULL\u5024\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044
\u30fb2\u756a\u76ee\u306e\u5f15\u6570\u306b\u30ea\u30c6\u30e9\u30ebNULL\u5024\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0\u578b\u5909\u63db
TO_NUMBER\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3092\u6570\u5024\u3078\u5909\u63db\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000TO_NUMBER(\u6587\u5b57\u5217 [, ‘\u6570\u5024\u66f8\u5f0f’] [, NLS\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf])<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u6b63\u3057\u3044SQL\u4f8b\uff09
\u30fbTO_NUMBER(‘\u00a5500,000’, ‘L999,999’)
\u5909\u63db\u3059\u308b\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u306b\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u74b0\u5883\u3067\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u306e\u901a\u8ca8\u8a18\u53f7\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300c\u00a5\u300d\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001
\u6570\u5024\u66f8\u5f0f\u306b\u306f\u30ed\u30fc\u30ab\u30eb\u901a\u8ca8\u8a18\u53f7\u306e”L”\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u307e\u305f\u30013\u6841\u76ee\u30684\u6841\u76ee\u306e\u9593\u306b\u30ab\u30f3\u30de(,)\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3001\u6570\u5024\u66f8\u5f0f\u306b\u3082\u30ab\u30f3\u30de(,)\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u4f8b\uff09
\u30fbTO_NUMBER(‘$500,000’, ‘L999,999’)
\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u306e\u901a\u8ca8\u8a18\u53f7\u3068\u6570\u5024\u66f8\u5f0f\u306e\u901a\u8ca8\u8a18\u53f7\u304c\u7570\u306a\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u30fbTO_NUMBER(‘\u00a5500,000’, ‘999,999’)
\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u306b\u306f\u901a\u8ca8\u8a18\u53f7\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u6570\u5024\u66f8\u5f0f\u306b\u901a\u8ca8\u8a18\u53f7\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u30fbTO_NUMBER(‘\u00a5500,000’, ‘L99999’)
\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3068\u6570\u5024\u66f8\u5f0f\u306e\u6841\u6570\u304c\u7570\u306a\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
     <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0NVL\u95a2\u6570\u30fbNVL2\u95a2\u6570
NVL\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u3001\u7b2c1\u5f15\u6570\u306e\u5024\u304cNULL\u5024\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u7b2c2\u5f15\u6570\u306e\u5024\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u3001\u7b2c1\u5f15\u6570\u306e\u5024\u304cNULL\u5024\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u7b2c1\u5f15\u6570\u306e\u5024\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
NVL2\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u3001\u7b2c1\u5f15\u6570\u306e\u5024\u304cNULL\u5024\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u7b2c2\u5f15\u6570\u306e\u5024\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u3001\u7b2c1\u5f15\u6570\u306e\u5024\u304cNULL\u5024\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u7b2c3\u5f15\u6570\u306e\u5024\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u307e\u305f\u3001NVL\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u7b2c2\u5f15\u6570\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5f0f\u306f\u3001\u7b2c1\u5f15\u6570\u306e\u5f0f\u3068\u540c\u3058\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
NVL2\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u7b2c3\u5f15\u6570\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5f0f\u306f\u3001\u7b2c2\u5f15\u6570\u306e\u5f0f\u3068\u540c\u3058\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u7b2c1\u5f15\u6570\u3068\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u3067\u3082\u69cb\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
               <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0SELECT\u6587\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u53e5\u306e\u9806\u756a
SELECT\u6587\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u53e5\u306e\u9806\u5e8f\u306f\u3001
1.SELECT\u53e5
2.FROM\u53e5
3.WHERE\u53e5
4.GROUP BY\u53e5
5.HAVING\u53e5
6.ORDER BY\u53e5
\u203bGROUP BY\u53e5\u3068HAVING\u53e5\u306f\u5165\u308c\u66ff\u3048\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u95a2\u6570
\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u3001\u8907\u6570\u884c\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3001\u96c6\u8a08\u51e6\u7406\u3092\u884c\u3063\u305f\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u6bce\u306b1\u3064\u3060\u3051\u8fd4\u3059\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u3001
SELECT\u53e5\u3001HAVING\u53e5\u3001ORDER BY\u53e5\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u96c6\u8a08\u3059\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306bNULL\u5024\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001COUNT(*)\u3092\u9664\u304d\u96c6\u8a08\u6642\u306b\u7121\u8996\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u307e\u305f\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u306f2\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u307e\u3067\u30cd\u30b9\u30c8\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3059\u3002
DISTINCT\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u91cd\u8907\u3057\u305f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306f1\u5ea6\u3060\u3051\u51e6\u7406\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fb\u884c\u306e\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u3054\u3068\u306b1\u3064\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u8fd4\u3059
\u30fb\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u95a2\u6570\u306bDISTINCT\u3092\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u95a2\u6570\u306fSELECT\u53e5\u3001HAVING\u53e5\u3001ORDER BY\u53e5\u3067\u4f7f\u7528\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001WHERE\u53e5\u3067\u306f\u4f7f\u7528\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
\u307e\u305f\u3001\u4e3b\u306a\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u3042\u308bCOUNT,MAX,MIN,SUM,AVG\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u5f15\u6570\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u5024\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fbCOUNT\u95a2\u6570\u3000 \uff1a \u6570\u5024\u578b\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u578b\u3001\u65e5\u4ed8\u578b\u306e\u5024\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\u5f0f\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5217\u3068*(\u30a2\u30b9\u30bf\u30ea\u30b9\u30af)
\u30fbMAX\/MIN\u95a2\u6570 \uff1a \u6570\u5024\u578b\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u578b\u3001\u65e5\u4ed8\u578b\u306e\u5024\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\u5f0f\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5217
\u30fbSUM\/AVG\u95a2\u6570 \uff1a \u6570\u5024\u578b\u306e\u5024\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\u5f0f\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5217<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SELECT\u6587\u306bGROUP BY\u53e5\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u95a2\u9023\u306e\u3042\u308b\u884c\u3092\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u5316\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001GROUP BY\u53e5\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306f\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u8981\u4ef6\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u30fbGROUP BY\u53e5\u306b\u306f1\u3064\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u5217\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b
\u30fbGROUP BY\u53e5\u306b\u5217\u5225\u540d\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044
\u30fbGROUP BY\u53e5\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u305fSELECT\u6587\u306eSELECT\u53e5\u306b\u306f\u3001GROUP BY\u53e5\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u5217\u3001\u3082\u3057\u304f\u306f\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u307f\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b
\uff08select\u53e5\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u95a2\u6570\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u5217\u306f\u3059\u3079\u3066group by\u53e5\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\uff09
\u30fbGROUP BY\u53e5\u3068ORDER BY\u53e5\u3092\u4f75\u7528\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001ORDER BY\u53e5\u306b\u306fGROUP BY\u53e5\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u5217\u3001\u3082\u3057\u304f\u306f\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u307f\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059
\uff08\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5217\u306e\u5024\u3092\u3001\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u5217\u306e\u5024\u3092\u57fa\u6e96\u306b\u4e26\u3079\u66ff\u3048\u308b\u4e8b\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u70ba\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u307e\u305f\u3001GROUP BY\u53e5\u306fWHERE\u53e5\u3068ORDER BY\u53e5\u306e\u9593\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u30a8\u30e9\u30fcSQL\u4f8b\uff09
\u30fbSELECT department_id dept, job_id job, MIN(salary) FROM employees GROUP BY dept, job ORDER BY 1, 2 DESC;
GROUP BY\u53e5\u306b\u5217\u5225\u540d\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u30a8\u30e9\u30fcSQL\u4f8b\uff09
\u30fbSELECT department_id dept, job_id job, MAX(salary) FROM employees GROUP BY department_id, job_id ORDER BY salary;
SELECT\u6587\u3067GROUP BY\u53e5\u3068ORDER BY\u53e5\u3092\u4f75\u7528\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001ORDER BY\u53e5\u306b\u306fGROUP BY\u53e5\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u5217\u304b\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u307f\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001SALARY\u5217\u3092ORDER BY\u53e5\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u6b63\u3057\u3044SQL\u4f8b\uff09
\u30fbSELECT MAX(salary), MIN(salary), AVG(salary) FROM employees;
\u30fbSELECT MAX(AVG(salary)) FROM employees GROUP BY department_id;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SELECT\u6587\u306bGROUP BY\u53e5\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u95a2\u6570\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u95a2\u6570\u3092\u30cd\u30b9\u30c8\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
\u307e\u305f\u3001GROUP BY\u53e5\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u95a2\u6570\u306f2\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u307e\u3067\u3057\u304b\u30cd\u30b9\u30c8\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u30a8\u30e9\u30fcSQL\u4f8b\uff09
\u30fbSELECT AVG(MIN(salary)) FROM employees;
\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u95a2\u6570\u3092\u30cd\u30b9\u30c8\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u5fc5\u305aGROUP BY\u53e5\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u30a8\u30e9\u30fcSQL\u4f8b\uff09
\u30fbSELECT AVG(MIN(MAX(salary))) FROM employees GROUP BY department_id, job_id;
\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u95a2\u6570\u306fGROUP BY\u53e5\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3082\u30012\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u307e\u3067\u3057\u304b\u30cd\u30b9\u30c8\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u30a8\u30e9\u30fcSQL\u4f8b\uff09
\u30fbSELECT MAX(AVG(hiredate)) FROM employees GROUP BY department_id;
AVG\u95a2\u6570\u306b\u5f15\u6570\u306b\u306f\u6570\u5024\u578b\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e3b\u306a\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u3042\u308bCOUNT,MAX,MIN,SUM,AVG\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u5f15\u6570\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u5024\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fbCOUNT\u95a2\u6570\u3000 \uff1a \u6570\u5024\u578b\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u578b\u3001\u65e5\u4ed8\u578b\u306e\u5024\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\u5f0f\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5217\u3068*(\u30a2\u30b9\u30bf\u30ea\u30b9\u30af)
\u30fbMAX\/MIN\u95a2\u6570 \uff1a \u6570\u5024\u578b\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u578b\u3001\u65e5\u4ed8\u578b\u306e\u5024\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\u5f0f\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5217
\u30fbSUM\/AVG\u95a2\u6570 \uff1a \u6570\u5024\u578b\u306e\u5024\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\u5f0f\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5217<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53c2\u8003\uff1a
\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u3001GROUP BY\u53e5\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306b\u9650\u308a\u30cd\u30b9\u30c8\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u30cd\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306f2\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u307e\u3067\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u95a2\u6570\u306fSELECT\u53e5\u3001HAVING\u53e5\u3001ORDER BY\u53e5\u3067\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bcHAVING\u53e5\u306e\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u30cd\u30b9\u30c8\u4e0d\u53ef\u3002
\u25bc\u8a2d\u554f
\u6b21\u306e\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3053\u308d\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002
\u6b63\u5e38\u306b\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3069\u3053\u3092\u4fee\u6b63\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3088\u3044\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000SELECT MIN(AVG(salary)) FROM employees
\u3000GROUP BY department_id
\u3000HAVING MIN(AVG(salary)) > 400000;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8a2d\u554f\u306eSQL\u6587\u3067\u306f\u3001HAVING\u53e5\u3067\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u3059\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u3092\u5236\u9650\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001HAVING\u53e5\u3067\u306f\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u95a2\u6570\u3092\u30cd\u30b9\u30c8\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
SELECT\u53e5\u3067\u306f\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u95a2\u6570\u30922\u3064\u307e\u3067\u30cd\u30b9\u30c8\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u90e8\u7f72(DEPARTMENT_ID)\u6bce\u306e\u7d66\u4e0e(SALARY)\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u5024\u304c400000\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u4e00\u756a\u6700\u5c0f\u5024\u3092\u51fa\u529b\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u6b63\u5e38\u306b\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001HAVING\u53e5\u306e\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u95a2\u6570\u3092MIN(AVG(salary))\u304b\u3089(AVG(salary)\u306b\u4fee\u6b63\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u25bcNULL\u306f\u3001AVG\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30ab\u30a6\u30f3\u30c8\u3057\u306a\u3044
EMP2\u8868\u306eSALARY\u5217\u306b\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e3\u4ef6\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u683c\u7d0d\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u3000100000, NULL, 500000
SELECT AVG(salary) FROM emp2;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u306f\u3001COUNT\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u5f15\u6570\u306b*(\u30a2\u30b9\u30bf\u30ea\u30b9\u30af)\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3092\u9664\u304d\u3001NULL\u5024\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u3066\u96c6\u8a08\u51e6\u7406\u3092\u884c\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u8a2d\u554f\u306eAVG\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u306f\u3001
\u3000(100000 + 500000) \u00f7 2
\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u304c\u8fd4\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u306f\u3001COUNT\u95a2\u6570\u306b\u5f15\u6570\u306b*(\u30a2\u30b9\u30bf\u30ea\u30b9\u30af)\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3092\u9664\u304d\u3001NULL\u5024\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u3066\u96c6\u8a08\u51e6\u7406\u3092\u884c\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
AVG\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u5e73\u5747\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u96c6\u8a08\u3059\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306bNULL\u5024\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3001AVG\u95a2\u6570\u306fNULL\u5024\u3092\u9664\u3044\u305f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u5024\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
NULL\u5024\u3092\u542b\u3081\u305f\u5168\u4ef6\u6570\u3067\u5272\u3063\u305f\u5e73\u5747\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u305f\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001AVG\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u96c6\u8a08\u51e6\u7406\u524d\u306bNVL\u95a2\u6570\u306a\u3069\u3067NULL\u5024\u3092”0″\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001
\u5168\u4ef6\u6570\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u5024\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0SQL\u95a2\u6570
SQL\u95a2\u6570\u3068\u306fOracle\u306b\u4e88\u3081\u7528\u610f\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002
\u4e3b\u306b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u95a2\u6570\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[\u5358\u4e00\u884c\u95a2\u6570]
\u3000MOD(m, n) :m\u3092n\u3067\u5272\u3063\u305f\u4f59\u308a\u3092\u8fd4\u3059
\u3000POWER(m, n) :m\u3092n\u4e57\u3057\u305f\u3079\u304d\u4e57\u3092\u8fd4\u3059
\u3000ROUND(m [,n]) :m\u3092\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u4ee5\u4e0bn\u6841\u306b\u56db\u6368\u4e94\u5165\u3057\u305f\u5024\u3092\u8fd4\u3059<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u95a2\u6570]
\u3000COUNT([DISTINCT | ALL] {\u5217\u540d | \u5217\u540d\u3092\u542b\u3080\u5f0f}) :\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u4ef6\u6570\u3092\u8fd4\u3059
\u3000MAX([DISTINCT | ALL] {\u5217\u540d | \u5217\u540d\u3092\u542b\u3080\u5f0f}) :\u6700\u5927\u5024\u3092\u8fd4\u3059
\u3000MIN([DISTINCT | ALL] {\u5217\u540d | \u5217\u540d\u3092\u542b\u3080\u5f0f}) :\u6700\u5c0f\u5024\u3092\u8fd4\u3059
\u3000AVG([DISTINCT | ALL] {\u5217\u540d | \u5217\u540d\u3092\u542b\u3080\u5f0f}) :\u5e73\u5747\u5024\u3092\u8fd4\u3059
\u3000SUM([DISTINCT | ALL] {\u5217\u540d | \u5217\u540d\u3092\u542b\u3080\u5f0f}) :\u5408\u8a08\u5024\u3092\u8fd4\u3059<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bcSQL\u95a2\u6570\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7121\u3044\u3082\u306e
\u30fb\u6e1b\u7b97
\u30fb\u9664\u7b97\u306e\u5546\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u308b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0COUNT\u95a2\u6570
COUNT\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u4ef6\u6570\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u3059\u3002
\u5f15\u6570\u306b\u306f\u5217\u540d\u3084\u6570\u5024\u578b\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u578b\u3001\u65e5\u4ed8\u578b\u306e\u5024\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\u5f0f\u306e\u4ed6\u3001*(\u30a2\u30b9\u30bf\u30ea\u30b9\u30af)\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u307e\u305f\u3001\u91cd\u8907\u3057\u305f\u5024\u304c\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306e\u51e6\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092DISTINCT\/ALL\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u30fbCOUNT(DISTINCT salary)\u306f\u91cd\u8907\u3057\u305f\u5024\u3084NULL\u5024\u3092\u9664\u3044\u305f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u4ef6\u6570\u3092\u8fd4\u3059
\u30fbCOUNT(*)\u306fNULL\u5024\u3082\u542b\u3081\u305f\u5168\u3066\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u4ef6\u6570\u3092\u8fd4\u3059
\u30fb\u5f15\u6570\u306b\u65e5\u4ed8\u578b\u306e\u5217\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
COUNT\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u5f15\u6570\u306b\u5217\u540d\u3084\u5f0f\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001NULL\u5024\u306f\u30ab\u30a6\u30f3\u30c8\u3055\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53c2\u8003\uff1a
COUNT\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u4ef6\u6570\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u3059\u3002
\u4f7f\u7528\u6cd5\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000COUNT({[DISTINCT | ALL] \u5217\u540d | \u5f0f})
\u3000COUNT(*)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
DISTINCT\/ALL\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u5185\u306b\u91cd\u8907\u3057\u305f\u5024\u304c\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306e\u51e6\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u3059\u3002
\u30fbDISTINCT\uff1a\u91cd\u8907\u3057\u305f\u5024\u3092\u9664\u3044\u3066\u51e6\u7406\u3059\u308b
\u30fbALL\uff1a\u5168\u3066\u306e\u5024\u3092\u51e6\u7406\u3059\u308b(\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u5024)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
COUNT\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u5f15\u6570\u306b\u306f\u5217\u540d\u3084\u6570\u5024\u578b\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u578b\u3001\u65e5\u4ed8\u578b\u306e\u5024\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\u5f0f\u306e\u4ed6\u3001*(\u30a2\u30b9\u30bf\u30ea\u30b9\u30af)\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u5f15\u6570\u306b*(\u30a2\u30b9\u30bf\u30ea\u30b9\u30af)\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3068\u5217\u540d\u3084\u5f0f\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3068\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u9055\u3044\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0\u7d50\u5408
\u8868\u306e\u7d50\u5408\u3092\u884c\u3046\u969b\u306b\u3001\u8868\u63a5\u982d\u8f9e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300c\u8868\u540d\u300d\u307e\u305f\u306f\u300c\u8868\u5225\u540d\u300d\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u304c\u7bc0\u7d04\u3067\u304d\u3001
\u30d1\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30b9\u306e\u5411\u4e0a\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u540c\u3058\u8868\u306e\u8868\u63a5\u982d\u8f9e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300c\u8868\u540d\u300d\u3068\u300c\u8868\u5225\u540d\u300d\u3092\u6df7\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
\u307e\u305f\u3001\u7d50\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u306bBETWEEN\u53e5\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u7d50\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059(\u7b49\u53f7(=)\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u305f\u7d50\u5408\u3092\u300c\u975e\u7b49\u4fa1\u7d50\u5408\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3044\u307e\u3059)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fb\u8868\u63a5\u982d\u8f9e\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3068\u30d1\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u5411\u4e0a\u3059\u308b
\u30fb\u7d50\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u306bBETWEEN\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b
\u30fb3\u3064\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u8868\u3082\u7d50\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u30fb\u540c\u3058\u8868\u30922\u3064\u306e\u8868\u306b\u898b\u7acb\u3066\u3066\u7d50\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059(\u81ea\u5df1\u7d50\u5408\u3068\u3044\u3044\u307e\u3059)\u3002
\u30fb\u8868\u5225\u540d\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u305f\u8868\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u5143\u306e\u8868\u540d\u3092\u8868\u63a5\u982d\u8f9e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Oracle Database\u3067\u306f\u3001\u8907\u6570\u306e\u8868\u3092\u95a2\u9023\u4ed8\u3051\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8907\u6570\u306e\u8868\u3092\u95a2\u9023\u4ed8\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8868\u306e\u7d50\u5408\u3068\u3044\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Oracle Database\u3067\u306f\u3044\u308d\u3044\u308d\u306a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u8868\u3092\u7d50\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e3b\u306a\u7d50\u5408\u65b9\u6cd5\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u8868\u306e\u7d50\u5408\u6642\u3001\u7d50\u5408\u3059\u308b\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u8868\u306b\u540c\u3058\u540d\u524d\u306e\u5217\u304c\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u3069\u306e\u8868\u306e\u5217\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001
\u5217\u540d\u306b\u8868\u63a5\u982d\u8f9e\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
\u8868\u63a5\u982d\u8f9e\u306b\u306f\u8868\u540d\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u8868\u5225\u540d\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u540c\u3058\u8868\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u8868\u63a5\u982d\u8f9e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u8868\u540d\u3068\u8868\u5225\u540d\u3092\u6df7\u5728\u3057\u3066\u8a18\u8ff0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
\u8868\u306b\u8868\u5225\u540d\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u8868\u63a5\u982d\u8f9e\u306b\u306f\u8868\u5225\u540d\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u25bcOracle\u72ec\u81ea\u306e\u7d50\u5408\u69cb\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Oracle\u72ec\u81ea\u306e\u7d50\u5408\u69cb\u6587\u3067\u306f\u3001
\u30fb\u7d50\u5408\u3059\u308b\u8868\u540d\u306f,(\u30ab\u30f3\u30de)\u3067\u533a\u5207\u3063\u3066FROM\u53e5\u306b\u6307\u5b9a
\u30fb\u7d50\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u306fWHERE\u53e5\u306b\u6307\u5b9a
\u30fb\u7d50\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u306fWHERE\u53e5\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u7d50\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u5f8c\u306bAND\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u3067\u6307\u5b9a
\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306f\u3001WHERE\u53e5\u306b\u7d50\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc1\u3064\u306eSQL\u6587\u3067\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u307e\u305f\u306f\u7d50\u5408\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306f\u3069\u308c\u3067\u3059\u304b(2\u3064\u9078\u629e\u3057\u3066\u4e0b\u3055\u3044)\u3002
\u30fb\u90e8\u7f72\u304c3\u306e\u90e8\u7f72\u306e\u6700\u9ad8\u7d66\u4e0e\u3092\u8868\u793a\u3059\u308b
SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employees WHERE department_id = 3;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fb\uff62\u5c71\u53e3\u6d0b\u5b50\uff63\u3068\u540c\u3058\u90e8\u7f72\u306e\u5f93\u696d\u54e1\u3092\u8868\u793a\u3059\u308b
SELECT department_id, employee_name FROM employees
WHERE department_id = (SELECT department_id FROM employees WHERE employee_name = ‘\u5c71\u53e3\u6d0b\u5b50’);<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fb\u7d66\u4e0e\u304c40\u4e07\u5186\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u5f93\u696d\u54e1\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u7d66\u4e0e\u3092\u8868\u793a\u3059\u308b
SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees WHERE salary >= 400000;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fb\u5f93\u696d\u54e1\u3068\u305d\u306e\u4e0a\u53f8\u306e\u540d\u524d\u3092\u8868\u793a\u3059\u308b
SELECT e.employee_name, m.employee_name FROM employees e LEFT OUTER JOIN employees m
ON e.manager_id = m.employee_id;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fb\u5165\u793e\u65e5\u304c2001\u5e7410\u6708\u3088\u308a\u524d\u3067\u4e0a\u53f8\u306e\u3044\u306a\u3044\u5f93\u696d\u54e1\u3092\u8868\u793a\u3059\u308b
SELECT employee_name, hiredate FROM employees
WHERE hiredate < ’01-10-01′ AND manager_id IS NULL;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0EXISTS\u30fbIN\u30fbNOT EXISTS\u30fbNOT IN\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50<\/p>\n\n\n\n
EMPLOYEES\u8868\u304b\u3089\u3001\u90e8\u4e0b\u306e\u3044\u306a\u3044\u5f93\u696d\u54e1\u306e\u540d\u524d\u3092\u8868\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u5404\u5f93\u696d\u54e1\u306eMANAGER_ID\u5217\u306b\u4e0a\u53f8\u306eEMPLOYEE_ID\u304c\u767b\u9332\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u4e0a\u53f8\u304c\u3044\u306a\u3044\u5f93\u696d\u54e1\u3082\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u6b21\u306e2\u3064\u306eSQL\u6587\u306e\u5b9f\u884c\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u3082\u306e\u306f\u3069\u308c\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30001) SELECT m.employee_name FROM employees m
\u3000\u3000\u3000WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT e.employee_id FROM employees e WHERE e.manager_id = m.employee_id);<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30002) SELECT employee_name FROM employees
\u3000\u3000\u3000WHERE employee_id NOT IN (SELECT manager_id FROM employees);<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1)\u306eSQL\u6587\u306eNOT EXISTS\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3067\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u3057\u305f1\u884c\u304c\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001
\u3064\u307e\u308a\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u304c1\u884c\u3082\u8fd4\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306bTRUE\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a55\u4fa1\u3055\u308c\u3001\u4e3b\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u304c\u8fd4\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u4e3b\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306em\u8868\u3067\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306e\u300ce.manager_id = m.employee_id\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001
\u90e8\u4e0b\u306e\u3044\u306a\u3044\u5f93\u696d\u54e1\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4e3b\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306f\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6b63\u3057\u3044SQL\u6587\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2)\u306eSQL\u6587\u306eNOT IN\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u306f\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u5185\u306e\u5168\u3066\u306e\u5024\u3068\u7b49\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306bTRUE\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001
\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u306bNULL\u5024\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u5168\u3066\u306e\u5024\u3068\u7b49\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5224\u5b9a\u304c\u3055\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306eMANAGER_ID\u5217\u306bNULL\u5024\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u4e3b\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306f1\u884c\u3082\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc2)\u306eSQL\u6587\u3067\u76ee\u7684\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u5f97\u308b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u306bNULL\u5024\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306b\u300cIS NOT NULL\u300d\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u8ffd\u52a0\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
XISTS\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u306f\u3001\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u304c1\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8fd4\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306bTRUE\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a55\u4fa1\u3055\u308c\u308b\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u3067\u3059\u3002
\u4e3b\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306eWHERE\u53e5\u306b\u5217\u540d\u3068\u6bd4\u8f03\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u4ee3\u308a\u306b\u3001EXISTS\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000WHERE EXISTS (\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
EXISTS\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u3067\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u5f97\u308b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3067\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u3057\u305fEMPLOYEES\u8868 e \u306e\u5404\u884c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u3001
EMPLOYEES\u8868 m \u306eEMPLOYEE_ID\u5217\u306bMANAGER_ID\u5217\u3068\u540c\u3058\u5024\u304c\u3042\u308c\u3070TRUE\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u3001\u4e0a\u53f8\u304c\u3044\u308b\u5f93\u696d\u54e1\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4e3b\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306e\u884c\u3092\u8868\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3053\u306eSQL\u6587\u306fIN\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u305fSQL\u6587\u306b\u3082\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u3048\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
EXISTS\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u306e\u5f8c\u306e\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u304c\u62ec\u5f27()\u3067\u56f2\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53c2\u8003\uff1a
WHERE\u53e5\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u304cNULL\u5024\u3092\u623b\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u4e3b\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u306f0\u4ef6\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001IN\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u5185\u306e\u3044\u305a\u308c\u304b\u306e\u5024\u3068\u7b49\u3057\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306bTRUE\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\u305f\u3081\u3001
IN\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u306e\u5024\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306bNULL\u5024\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3001NULL\u5024\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u5024\u3068\u6bd4\u8f03\u5bfe\u8c61\u306e\u5024\u304c\u7b49\u3057\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u4e3b\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3067\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
NOT IN\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u5185\u306e\u5168\u3066\u306e\u5024\u3068\u7b49\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306bTRUE\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001
NOT IN\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u306e\u5024\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306bNULL\u5024\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3001NULL\u5024\u3068\u6bd4\u8f03\u5bfe\u8c61\u306e\u5024\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03\u7d50\u679c\u304cNULL\u5024\u306b\u306a\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001
\u5168\u3066\u306e\u5024\u3068\u7b49\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5224\u5b9a\u304c\u306a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4e3b\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3067\u306f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c1\u4ef6\u3082\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u4e0a\u8a18\u306e\u4f8b\u3067\u3001OLDPROD\u8868\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u306a\u3044CATEGORY\u5217\u306e\u5024\u3092PROD\u8868\u304b\u3089\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306bNULL\u3092\u9664\u5916\u3057\u3066\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
           <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\uff12
\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306f\u3001SELECT\u6587\u306eSELECT\u53e5\u3001FROM\u53e5\u3001WHERE\u53e5\u3001HAVING\u53e5\u3001ORDER BY\u53e5\u306e\u4ed6\u3001INSERT\u6587\u3084UPDATE\u6587\u7b49\u306eDML\u6587\u3067\u3082\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u30fbSELECT\u53e5
\u30fbFROM\u53e5
\u30fbWHERE\u53e5
\u30fbHAVING\u53e5
\u30fbORDER BY\u53e5
\u30fbINSERT\u6587
\u30fbUPDATE\u6587\u306a\u3069DML\u6587\u3067\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u80fd<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
[ORDER BY\u53e5]
\u203b\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u305d\u306eFROM\u53e5\u306b\u7121\u3044\u8868\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408(\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306e\u5916\u5074\u306b\u3042\u308b\u8868\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408)\u3001\u76f8\u95a2\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u25bcOracle Database\u3067\u306fSQL\u6587\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u5225\u306eSQL\u6587\u3092\u5165\u308c\u5b50\u306b\u3057\u3066\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3001\u5165\u308c\u5b50\u306e\u5185\u5074\u306e\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3068\u3044\u3044\u307e\u3059
(\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u5916\u5074\u306e\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3092\u4e3b\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3068\u3044\u3044\u307e\u3059)\u3002
\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306f\u3001SELECT\u6587\u306eSELECT\u53e5\u3001FROM\u53e5\u3001WHERE\u53e5\u3001HAVING\u53e5\u306e\u4ed6\u3001INSERT\u6587\u3084UPDATE\u6587\u7b49\u306eDML\u6587\u3067\u3082\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3044\u308d\u3044\u308d\u306a\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u30fbSELECT\u6587\u306eSELECT\u53e5\u3001FROM\u53e5\u3001WHERE\u53e5\u3001HAVING\u53e5\u3001ORDER BY\u53e5\u3084\u3001INSERT\u6587\u3001UPDATE\u6587\u7b49\u306eDML\u6587\u3067\u4f7f\u7528\u3067\u304d\u308b
\u30fb\u4e3b\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3068\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3067\u7570\u306a\u308b\u8868\u306b\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3067\u304d\u308b
\u30fb1\u3064\u306e\u4e3b\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u8907\u6570\u306e\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b
\u30fb\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3092\u30cd\u30b9\u30c8\u3067\u304d\u308b(WHERE\u53e5\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3067\u306f255\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u30cd\u30b9\u30c8\u304c\u53ef\u80fd)
\u30fb\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306e\u4e2d\u3067GROUP BY\u53e5\u3084HAVIMG\u53e5\u3001ORDER BY\u53e5\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u306a\u304a\u3001\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306b\u306f\u30011\u4ef6\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\u5358\u4e00\u884c\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3068\u8907\u6570\u884c\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\u8907\u6570\u884c\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e3b\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3068\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306eFROM\u53e5\u306b\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308b\u8868\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306b\u306f\u8907\u6570\u4ef6\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\u554f\u5408\u305b\uff08\u8907\u6570\u884c\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\uff09\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u6b21\u306e\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3053\u308d\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u306f\u4f55\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002
\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001MANAGER_ID\u306fDEPARTMENT_ID\u6bce\u306b\u7570\u306a\u308b\u5024\u304c\u767b\u9332\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000SELECT employee_id, employee_name
\u3000FROM employees
\u3000WHERE department_id =
\u3000 (SELECT department_id
\u3000\u3000FROM departments
\u3000\u3000WHERE manager_id =
\u3000\u3000\u3000(SELECT employee_id
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000FROM employees
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000WHERE salary =
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000(SELECT MAX(salary)
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000FROM employees)));<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u89e3\u8aac<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306f\u30cd\u30b9\u30c8\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002WHERE\u53e5\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3067\u306f\u6700\u5927255\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u307e\u3067\u306e\u30cd\u30b9\u30c8\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3059\u3002
\u30cd\u30b9\u30c8\u3057\u305f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5185\u5074\u306e\u554f\u5408\u305b\u304b\u3089\u5b9f\u65bd\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8a2d\u554f\u306eSQL\u6587\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6700\u521d\u306b\u4e00\u756a\u5185\u5074\u306e\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3001
\u3000SELECT MAX(salary)
\u3000FROM employees
\u304c\u5b9f\u65bd\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5168\u5f93\u696d\u54e1\u306e\u306a\u304b\u3067\u4e00\u756a\u7d66\u4e0e\u984d\u306e\u591a\u3044\u5f93\u696d\u54e1\u306e\u7d66\u4e0e\u984d\u30921\u4ef6\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6b21\u306b\u3001
\u3000SELECT employee_id
\u3000FROM employees
\u3000WHERE salary = (\u5185\u5074\u306e\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306e\u7d50\u679c)
\u304c\u5b9f\u65bd\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u756a\u7d66\u4e0e\u984d\u306e\u591a\u3044\u5f93\u696d\u54e1\u306e\u5f93\u696d\u54e1\u756a\u53f7\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3001\u4e00\u756a\u7d66\u4e0e\u984d\u306e\u591a\u3044\u5f93\u696d\u54e1\u304c\u8907\u6570\u4eba\u3044\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u8907\u6570\u4ef6\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6b21\u306b\u3001
\u3000SELECT department_id
\u3000\u3000FROM departments
\u3000\u3000WHERE manager_id = (\u5185\u5074\u306e\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306e\u7d50\u679c)
\u304c\u5b9f\u65bd\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30de\u30cd\u30fc\u30b8\u30e3\u30fc\u756a\u53f7\u304c\u4e00\u756a\u7d66\u4e0e\u984d\u306e\u591a\u3044\u5f93\u696d\u54e1\u3068\u4e00\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u90e8\u7f72\u306e\u90e8\u7f72\u756a\u53f7\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3082\u3057\u3082\u5185\u5074\u306e\u554f\u5408\u305b\u304b\u3089\u8907\u6570\u4ef6\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u8fd4\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u5358\u4e00\u884c\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u307e\u305f\u3001\u30de\u30cd\u30fc\u30b8\u30e3\u30fc\u756a\u53f7\u304c\u4e00\u756a\u7d66\u4e0e\u984d\u306e\u591a\u3044\u5f93\u696d\u54e1\u3068\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001NULL\u5024\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u3089\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306f\u6700\u5f8c\u306b\u3001\u4e3b\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3067\u3001\u30de\u30cd\u30fc\u30b8\u30e3\u30fc\u756a\u53f7\u304c\u4e00\u756a\u7d66\u4e0e\u984d\u306e\u591a\u3044\u5f93\u696d\u54e1\u3068
\u4e00\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u90e8\u7f72\u306e\u5f93\u696d\u54e1\u756a\u53f7\u3068\u5f93\u696d\u54e1\u540d\u304c\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5148\u306e\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u304b\u3089NULL\u5024\u304c\u8fd4\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001
\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306f\u306a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c1\u4ef6\u3082\u8868\u793a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3059\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u756a\u7d66\u4e0e\u984d\u306e\u591a\u3044\u5f93\u696d\u54e1\u304c\u8907\u6570\u4eba\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
WHERE\u53e5\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3067\u306f\u6700\u5927255\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u307e\u3067\u30cd\u30b9\u30c8\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u95a2\u6570\u306bNULL\u5024\u304c\u6e21\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001NULL\u5024\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u3066\u96c6\u8a08\u51e6\u7406\u3092\u884c\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u5358\u4e00\u884c\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306f\u4e3b\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306b1\u4ef6\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3067\u3059\u3002
\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u304cWHERE\u53e5\u306a\u3069\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001
\u5358\u4e00\u884c\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3067\u306f\u5358\u4e00\u884c\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001ANY\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u306a\u3069\u306e\u8907\u6570\u884c\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u3068\u5358\u4e00\u884c\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u305b\u3066\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3082\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306f\u306a\u3089\u305a\u6b63\u5e38\u306b\u5b9f\u884c\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u8907\u6570\u884c\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u3068\u5358\u4e00\u884c\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u305b\u3066\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3082\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u304c0\u4ef6\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u4e3b\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306b\u306fNULL\u5024\u304c\u8fd4\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u95a2\u6570\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u305f\u308aGROUP BY\u53e5\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u8907\u6570\u884c\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b
\u8907\u6570\u884c\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3068\u306f\u3001\u8907\u6570\u4ef6\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3067\u3059\u3002
\u5358\u4e00\u884c\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3068\u540c\u3058\u3088\u3046\u306bGROUP BY\u53e5\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3092\u30cd\u30b9\u30c8\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u307e\u305f\u3001\u8907\u6570\u5217\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fb\u8907\u6570\u884c\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3067\u306f\u8907\u6570\u4ef6\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u8fd4\u3059
\u30fb\u8907\u6570\u884c\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3092\u30cd\u30b9\u30c8\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b
\u30fb\u8907\u6570\u884c\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3067\u306f\u8907\u6570\u5217\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u8fd4\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b
\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u95a2\u6570\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u305f\u308aGROUP BY\u53e5\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u30a4\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u30fb\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc
\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306f\u3001SELECT\u6587\u306eSELECT\u53e5\u3001FROM\u53e5\u3001WHERE\u53e5\u3001HAVING\u53e5\u306e\u4ed6\u3001INSERT\u6587\u3084UPDATE\u6587\u7b49\u306eDML\u6587\u3067\u3082\u4f7f\u7528\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
FROM\u53e5\u306e\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306f\u30a4\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u30fb\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u3068\u3082\u547c\u3070\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u5f15\u6570\u306b\u5225\u306e\u95a2\u6570\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u300c\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u30cd\u30b9\u30c8\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3044\u307e\u3059
\u5185\u90e8\u7d50\u5408\u306f\u3001\u8868\u306e\u7d50\u5408\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u7d50\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u307f\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u3059\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u6b21\u306e\u4f5c\u696d\u306e\u3046\u3061\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u4f5c\u696d\u306f\u3069\u308c\u3067\u3059\u304b(\u8a72\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3092\u5168\u3066\u9078\u629e\u3057\u3066\u4e0b\u3055\u3044)\u3002
\u30fb\u5168\u793e\u54e1\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u7d66\u4e0e\u3092\u8868\u793a\u3059\u308b
SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fb\u5168\u793e\u54e1\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u7d66\u4e0e\u3088\u308a\u7d66\u4e0e\u304c\u591a\u3044\u5f93\u696d\u54e1\u3092\u8868\u793a\u3059\u308b
SELECT employee_name FROM employees WHERE salary > (SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees);<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fb\u90e8\u7f72\u3054\u3068\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u7d66\u4e0e\u3092\u8868\u793a\u3059\u308b
SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees GROUP BY department_id;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fb\u6240\u5c5e\u5f93\u696d\u54e1\u306e\u7d66\u4e0e\u306e\u5408\u8a08\u304c\u4e00\u756a\u591a\u3044\u90e8\u7f72\u306e\u7d66\u4e0e\u306e\u5408\u8a08\u3092\u8868\u793a\u3059\u308b
SELECT MAX(SUM(salary)) FROM employees GROUP BY department_id;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fb\u5168\u793e\u54e1\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u7d66\u4e0e\u3088\u308a\u7d66\u4e0e\u304c\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u5f93\u696d\u54e1\u3092\u8868\u793a\u3059\u308b
SELECT employee_name FROM employees WHERE salary < (SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees);<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bcOracle Database\u3067\u306fSQL\u6587\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u5225\u306eSQL\u6587\u3092\u5165\u308c\u5b50\u306b\u3057\u3066\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3001
\u5165\u308c\u5b50\u306e\u5185\u5074\u306e\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3068\u3044\u3044\u307e\u3059(\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u5916\u5074\u306e\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3092\u4e3b\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3068\u3044\u3044\u307e\u3059)\u3002
\u901a\u5e38\u306e\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u305fSQL\u6587\u3067\u306f\u307e\u305a\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u304c\u5b9f\u884c\u3055\u308c\u3001\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306e\u5b9f\u884c\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u3082\u3068\u306b\u4e3b\u554f\u5408\u305b\u304c\u5b9f\u884c\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u306f()\u62ec\u5f27\u3067\u56f2\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002(INSERT\u6587\u3067\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u8ffd\u52a0\u3092\u884c\u3046\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001()\u306f\u5fc5\u9808\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
\u554f\u984cID:19716\u306e\u53c2\u8003\u3092\u3054\u53c2\u7167\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002)
\u4e0a\u8a18\u3067\u306f\u6bd4\u8f03\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u306e\u53f3\u8fba\u306b\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3092\u5de6\u8fba\u306b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u3066\u3082\u304b\u307e\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u307e\u305f\u3001\u5358\u4e00\u884c\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u6bd4\u8f03\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u306b\u8907\u6570\u884c\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3082\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u306b\u306a\u3089\u305a\u6b63\u5e38\u306b\u5b9f\u884c\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u8907\u6570\u884c\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306b\u5358\u4e00\u884c\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3068\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306e\u5f8c\u306b\u4e3b\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3092\u51e6\u7406\u3059\u308b\u3068\u306f\u9650\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002
\u901a\u5e38\u306f\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u2192\u4e3b\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306e\u9806\u306b\u5b9f\u884c\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u305d\u306eFROM\u53e5\u306b\u7121\u3044\u8868\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3059\u308b(
\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306e\u5916\u5074\u306b\u3042\u308b\u8868\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3059\u308b)\u300c\u76f8\u95a2\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u300d\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3067\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5404\u884c\u3054\u3068\u306b\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u304c\u5b9f\u884c\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
(\u554f\u984cID:20000\u306e\u53c2\u8003\u3092\u3054\u53c2\u7167\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306f\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u8f03\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u306e\u53f3\u8fba\u306b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u5de6\u8fba\u306b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3082\u304b\u307e\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8907\u5408\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001WHERE\u53e5\u3001GROUP BY\u53e5\u3001ORDER BY\u53e5\u7b49\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u306f\u7981\u6b62\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001ORDER BY\u53e5\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306f\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u30ac\u30a4\u30c9\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u306b\u5f93\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fbORDER BY\u53e5\u306f\u8907\u5408\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306e\u6700\u5f8c\u306e\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b
\u30fbORDER BY\u53e5\u306b\u306f\u6700\u521d\u306e\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5217\u540d\u3084\u5217\u5225\u540d\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u96c6\u5408\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u306f\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3067\u3082\u4e3b\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3068\u540c\u3058\u3088\u3046\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bcINSERT\u6587\u306b\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b
INSERT INTO prod2
\u3000VALUES (1, (SELECT name FROM prod WHERE prodid = 1),
\u3000\u3000(SELECT category FROM prod WHERE prodid = 1), SYSDATE, NULL);
1\u3064\u306e\u5217\u306e1\u884c\u306e\u307f\u8fd4\u3059\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306f\u3001INSERT\u6587\u306eVALUES\u53e5\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3082\u4f7f\u7528\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u8a2d\u554f\u306eSQL\u6587\u3067\u306fNAME\u5217\u3068CATEGORY\u5217\u306b\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c1\u3064\u306e\u5024\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6b63\u5e38\u306b\u5b9f\u884c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0DML\u6587\u30fbDDL\u6587\u30fbDCL\u6587
\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u64cd\u4f5c\u8a00\u8a9e(DML)\u6587\u306f\u3001\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u30fb\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3057\u5909\u66f4\u3084\u524a\u9664\u306a\u3069\u306e\u64cd\u4f5c\u3092\u884c\u3048\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001
\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u306f\u5909\u66f4\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
SQL\u6587\u306e\u7a2e\u985e\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3068\u304a\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002DML\u6587\u306e\u5b9f\u884c\u3067\u306f\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30b6\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306f\u7d42\u4e86\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0IN\u3001ANY\u3001ALL\u6f14\u7b97\u5b502
\u25bc>ANY
ANY\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u306f\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u5185\u306e\u3044\u305a\u308c\u304b\u306e\u5024\u304c\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u5834\u5408\u306bTRUE\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3001
>ANY(\u5024\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8)\u306f\u6bd4\u8f03\u3059\u308b\u5024\u304c\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u5185\u306e\u3044\u305a\u308c\u304b\u306e\u5024\u3088\u308a\u3082\u5927\u304d\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306bTRUE\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
ANY\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u306f\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u5185\u306e\u5024\u306e\u3046\u30611\u3064\u3067\u3082\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u6e80\u3059\u5024\u304c\u3042\u308c\u3070TRUE\u3068\u306a\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001
>ANY(\u5024\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8)\u306f\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u5185\u306e\u6700\u5c0f\u5024\u3088\u308a\u5927\u304d\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306bTRUE\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53c2\u8003\uff1a
\u8907\u6570\u884c\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u306b\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3082\u306e\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u8907\u6570\u884c\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50ANY\u3068ALL\u306f\u5fc5\u305a\u5358\u4e00\u884c\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u3068\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u3067\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
\u307e\u305f\u3001IN\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u306fNOT\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u3068\u7d44\u5408\u305b\u3066\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc<ALL
ALL\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u306f\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u5185\u306e\u5168\u3066\u306e\u5024\u304c\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u5834\u5408\u306bTRUE\u3092\u304b\u3048\u3057\u307e\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3001
<ALL(\u5024\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8)\u306f\u6bd4\u8f03\u3059\u308b\u5024\u304c\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u5185\u306e\u5168\u3066\u306e\u5024\u3088\u308a\u3082\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306bTRUE\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
ALL\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u306f\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u5185\u306e\u5168\u3066\u306e\u5024\u304c\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3055\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070TRUE\u306b\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001
<ALL(\u5024\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8)\u306f\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u5185\u306e\u6700\u5c0f\u5024\u3088\u308a\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306bTRUE\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
=ALL(\u5024\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8)\u306f\u5024\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u5168\u3066\u306e\u5024\u3068\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306b\u6761\u4ef6\u304cTRUE\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001
IN(\u5024\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8)\u306f\u5024\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u3044\u305a\u308c\u304b\u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306b\u6761\u4ef6\u304cTRUE\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3001\u3053\u306e2\u3064\u306e\u6f14\u7b97\u306f\u7b49\u4fa1\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
=ANY(\u5024\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8)\u306f\u5024\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u3044\u305a\u308c\u304b1\u3064\u3067\u3082\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308c\u3070\u6761\u4ef6\u304cTRUE\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3001IN(\u5024\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8)\u3068\u7b49\u4fa1\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
NOT IN(\u5024\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8)\u306f\u5024\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u3044\u305a\u308c\u306b\u3082\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306b\u6761\u4ef6\u304cTRUE\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3001<>ALL(\u5024\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8)\u3068\u7b49\u4fa1\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
   <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0\u6392\u4ed6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af
\u25bc\u6392\u4ed6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u4f8b\uff09
\u3000\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fcA\uff1a
\u3000\u3000SQL> SELECT d.department_name, e.employee_name
\u3000\u3000 2 FROM departments d JOIN employees e USING (department_id)
\u3000\u3000 3 FOR UPDATE OF e.employee_name NOWAIT;\u3000\u2026\u3000\u2460
\u3000\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fcB\uff1a
\u3000\u3000SQL> SELECT employee_id, employee_name FROM employees
\u3000\u3000 2 FOR UPDATE NOWAIT;\u3000\u2026\u3000\u2461
\u3000\u3000SQL> SELECT department_id, department_name FROM departments
\u3000\u3000 2 FOR UPDATE NOWAIT;\u3000\u2026\u3000\u2462
\u3000\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fcA\uff1a
\u3000\u3000SQL> UPDATE employees SET salary = 350000 WHERE employee_id = 1020;
\u3000\u3000SQL> COMMIT;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2460\uff1aSELECT\u6587\u306eFOR UPDATE\u53e5\u306b OF \u8868\u540d.\u5217\u540d \u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3000\u3000EMPLOYEES\u8868\u306eEMPLOYEE_NAME\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u884c\u306b\u306e\u307f\u6392\u4ed6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u304c\u304b\u3051\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u2461\uff1a\u2460\u3067\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fcA\u304c\u6392\u4ed6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u304b\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fcB\u306fSELECT\u6587\u306bFOR UPDATE\u53e5\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3082\u6392\u4ed6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u304b\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u3055\u3089\u306bNOWAIT\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001SELECT\u6587\u5b9f\u884c\u5f8c\u3001\u76f4\u3061\u306b\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u2462\uff1aDEPARTMENTS\u8868\u306b\u306f\u6392\u4ed6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u306f\u304b\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3001\u691c\u7d22\u5f8c\u8a72\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u884c\u304c\u8868\u793a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3001<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u6392\u4ed6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u4f8b\uff09
\u3000\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fcA\uff1a
\u3000\u3000SQL> SELECT prodid, name, category FROM prod WHERE prodid = 2
\u3000\u3000 2 FOR UPDATE WAIT 10;\u3000\u2026\u3000\u2460
\u3000\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fcB\uff1a
\u3000\u3000SQL> SELECT * FROM prod WHERE prodid = 2
\u3000\u3000 2 FOR UPDATE NOWAIT;\u3000\u2026\u3000\u2461
\u3000\u3000SQL> UPDATE prod SET name = ‘Chopin’ WHERE prodid = 2;\u3000\u2026\u3000\u2462
\u3000\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fcA\uff1a
\u3000\u3000SQL> COMMIT;
\u3000\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fcB\uff1a
\u3000\u3000SQL> COMMIT;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2460\uff1aSELECT\u6587\u306bFOR UPDATE\u53e5\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001SELECT\u6587\u3067\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u308b\u884c\u306b\u6392\u4ed6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u304c\u304b\u3051\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u2461\uff1a\u2460\u3067\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fcA\u304c\u6392\u4ed6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u304b\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fcB\u306fSELECT\u6587\u306bFOR UPDATE\u53e5\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3082\u6392\u4ed6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u304b\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u3055\u3089\u306bNOWAIT\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001SELECT\u6587\u5b9f\u884c\u5f8c\u3001\u76f4\u3061\u306b\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u2462\uff1a\u2460\u3067\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fcA\u304c\u6392\u4ed6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u304b\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fcB\u304cUPDATE\u6587\u5b9f\u884c\u6642\u3001\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fcA\u304c\u304b\u3051\u305f\u6392\u4ed6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u304c\u89e3\u9664\u3055\u308c\u308b\u307e\u3067\u5f85\u6a5f\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
       <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0\u81ea\u52d5\u30b3\u30df\u30c3\u30c8\u30fb\u81ea\u52d5\u30ed\u30fc\u30eb\u30d0\u30c3\u30af
Oracle Database\u3067\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306b\u81ea\u52d5\u30ed\u30fc\u30eb\u30d0\u30c3\u30af\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u30fb\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u969c\u5bb3\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408
\u30fbSQL *Plus\u3092\u00d7\u30dc\u30bf\u30f3\u3067\u7d42\u4e86\u3057\u305f\u6642\u306a\u3069\u7570\u5e38\u7d42\u4e86\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fbEXIT\u6587\u3067SQL *Plus\u7d42\u4e86\u6642
\u30fbDDL\u6587\u5b9f\u884c\u6642
\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u81ea\u52d5\u30b3\u30df\u30c3\u30c8\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fbSAVEPOINT\u6587\u5b9f\u884c\u6642
SAVEPOINT\u6587\u3067\u306f\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30b6\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u5185\u306b\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30b6\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306f\u7d42\u4e86\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53c2\u8003\uff1a
COMMIT\u6587\u3084ROLLBACK\u6587\u5b9f\u884c\u6642\u4ee5\u5916\u3067\u3082\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30b6\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304c\u7d42\u4e86\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059(\u6697\u9ed9\u7684\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30b6\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u51e6\u7406)\u3002
\u6697\u9ed9\u7684\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30b6\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u51e6\u7406\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5168\u3066\u306e\u51e6\u7406\u3092\u81ea\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u81ea\u52d5\u30b3\u30df\u30c3\u30c8\u3068\u3001
\u5168\u3066\u306e\u51e6\u7406\u3092\u81ea\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u53d6\u6d88\u3059\u81ea\u52d5\u30ed\u30fc\u30eb\u30d0\u30c3\u30af\u306e2\u7a2e\u985e\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
[\u81ea\u52d5\u30b3\u30df\u30c3\u30c8]<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
[\u81ea\u52d5\u30ed\u30fc\u30eb\u30d0\u30c3\u30af]<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u6392\u4ed6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af
\u3000\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fcA\uff1a
\u3000\u30001.SQL> INSERT INTO prod VALUES (11, ‘Debussy’, 10, SYSDATE, NULL);
\u3000\u30002.SQL> COMMIT;
\u3000\u30003.SQL> SELECT name FROM prod WHERE prodid = 11;
\u3000\u30004.SQL> UPDATE prod SET name = ‘Liszt’ WHERE prodid = 11;
\u3000\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fcB\uff1a
\u3000\u30005.SQL> UPDATE prod SET name = ‘Chopin’ WHERE prodid = 11;
\u3000\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fcC\uff1a
\u3000\u30006.SQL> SELECT name FROM prod WHERE prodid = 11;
\u3000\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fcA\uff1a
\u3000\u30007.SQL> COMMIT;
\u3000\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fcB\uff1a
\u3000\u30008.SQL> SELECT name FROM prod WHERE prodid = 11;
\u3000\u30009.SQL> COMMIT;
\u3000\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fcA\uff1a
\u3000\u300010.SQL> SELECT name FROM prod WHERE prodid = 11;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1.\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fcA\u304cINSERT\u6587\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001PROD\u8868\u306b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c1\u4ef6\u8ffd\u52a0\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001INSERT\u6587\u306fDML\u6587\u306b\u8a72\u5f53\u3057\u81ea\u52d5\u30b3\u30df\u30c3\u30c8\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u8ffd\u52a0\u306f\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u72b6\u614b\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2.\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fcA\u304cCOMMIT\u6587\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u307e\u3067\u306e\u51e6\u7406\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
PROD\u8868\u306ePRODID\u304c11\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306eNAME\u5217\u306e\u5024\u306f”Debussy”\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3.\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fcA\u304cSELECT\u6587\u3067PROD\u8868\u306ePRODID\u304c11\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6642\u306eNAME\u5217\u306e\u5024\u306f”Debussy”\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4.\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fcA\u304cUPDATE\u6587\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001PROD\u8868\u306ePRODID\u304c11\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306eNAME\u5217\u306e\u5024\u3092\u5909\u66f4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001UPDATE\u6587\u306fDML\u6587\u306b\u8a72\u5f53\u3057\u81ea\u52d5\u30b3\u30df\u30c3\u30c8\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u5909\u66f4\u306f\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u72b6\u614b\u3067\u3059\u3002
\u307e\u305f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u6642UPDATE\u6587\u306e\u5bfe\u8c61\u306e\u884c\u306b\u6392\u4ed6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u304c\u304b\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
5.\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fcB\u304cUPDATE\u6587\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001PROD\u8868\u306ePRODID\u304c11\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306eNAME\u5217\u306e\u5024\u3092\u5909\u66f4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001PROD\u8868\u306ePRODID\u304c11\u3067\u3042\u308b\u884c\u306f\u3001\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fcA\u306e4.\u306e\u64cd\u4f5c\u3067\u6392\u4ed6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u304c\u304b\u304b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001
4.\u306e\u64cd\u4f5c\u304c\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u307e\u3067\u5f85\u6a5f\u3055\u305b\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
6.\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fcC\u304cSELECT\u6587\u3067PROD\u8868\u306ePRODID\u304c11\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3053\u306e\u6642\u306eNAME\u5217\u306e\u5024\u306f4.\u30015.\u306e\u5909\u66f4\u304c\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067”Debussy”\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
7.\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fcA\u304cCOMMIT\u6587\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u307e\u3067\u306e\u51e6\u7406\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6642\u3001\u6392\u4ed6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u306f\u89e3\u9664\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u307e\u305f\u3001\u6392\u4ed6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u304c\u89e3\u9664\u3055\u308c\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3001\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6B\u306e5.\u306e\u64cd\u4f5c\u304c\u5b9f\u884c\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
8.\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fcB\u304cSELECT\u6587\u3067PROD\u8868\u306ePRODID\u304c11\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6642\u306eNAME\u5217\u306e\u5024\u306f”Chopin”\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u81ea\u8eab\u304c\u884c\u3063\u305f\u5909\u66f4\u306f\u3001\u78ba\u5b9a\u524d\u3067\u3082\u5909\u66f4\u5f8c\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
9.\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fcB\u304cCOMMIT\u6587\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u307e\u3067\u306e\u51e6\u7406\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
PROD\u8868\u306ePRODID\u304c11\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306eNAME\u5217\u306e\u5024\u306f”Chopin”\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
10.\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fcA\u304cSELECT\u6587\u3067PROD\u8868\u306ePRODID\u304c11\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3053\u306e\u6642\u306eNAME\u5217\u306e\u5024\u306f\u3001\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fcB\u306e5.\u306e\u5909\u66f4\u304c9.\u306b\u3088\u308a\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3067”Chopin”\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0INSERT\u6587
\u5217\u306bNULL\u5024\u3092\u767b\u9332\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306f\u3001NULL\u5024\u3092\u767b\u9332\u3059\u308b\u5217\u306b\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306bNULL\u307e\u305f\u306f”(\u4e00\u91cd\u5f15\u7528\u7b26\u30922\u3064)\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3001
INSERT\u6587\u3067\u5217\u306e\u6307\u5b9a\u3092\u7701\u7565\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
NULL\u5024\u306e\u6307\u5b9a\u6642\u3001’NULL’\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3068\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5224\u65ad\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3044\u307e\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002
\u25bc\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u4f8b\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u4f8b\uff09
\u30fbINSERT INTO prod2 VALUES SELECT prodid, name, category, startdate, enddate FROM prod;
\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u305fINSERT\u6587\u3067\u306f\u3001VALUES\u53e5\u306f\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u305fINSERT\u6587\u3067\u306f\u3001VALUES\u53e5\u306f\u4f7f\u7528\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
INSERT\u53e5\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5217\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u3068\u3001\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306eSELECT\u53e5\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5217\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306f\u540c\u6570\u304b\u3064\u540c\u3058\u9806\u756a\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u307e\u305f\u3001INSERT\u53e5\u306e\u5217\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306f\u7701\u7565\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u7701\u7565\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306eSELECT\u53e5\u306e\u5217\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u306f\u3001
\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u8ffd\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u8868\u306e\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u5217\u3092\u8868\u306e\u5217\u69cb\u6210\u306e\u9806\u756a\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u4f8b\uff09
INSERT INTO prod2 SELECT * FROM prod;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
INSERT INTO prod2(prodid, name, category) (SELECT prodid, name, category FROM prod);<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0TIMESTAMP\u578b
TIMESTAMP\u578b\u306fDATE\u578b\u3092\u62e1\u5f35\u3057\u305f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u3067\u3001\u4e16\u7d00\u3001\u5e74\u3001\u6708\u3001\u65e5\u3001\u6642\u3001\u5206\u3001\u79d2\u306b\u52a0\u3048\u79d2\u306e\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u5024\u3092\u683c\u7d0d\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
TIMESTAMP\u578b\u306e\u5217\u306b\u5024\u3092\u683c\u7d0d\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u65e5\u4ed8\u30ea\u30c6\u30e9\u30eb\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3001
\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3084\u6570\u5024\u3092TO_TIMESTAMP\u95a2\u6570\u3067TIMESTAMP\u578b\u306e\u5024\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6697\u9ed9\u7684\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u5909\u63db\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001TIMESTAMP\u578b\u306e\u5024\u3092DATE\u578b\u306e\u5217\u3078\u683c\u7d0d\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
             <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0ALTER TABLE
\u25bc\u6b21\u306eSQL\u6587\u5b9f\u884c\u5f8c\u3001EMPLOYEES2\u8868\u306b\u5b9f\u65bd\u3067\u304d\u308b\u884c\u70ba\u306f\u3069\u308c\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000ALTER TABLE employees2 READ ONLY;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8a2d\u554f\u306eSQL\u6587\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001EMPLOYEES2\u8868\u306f\u8aad\u53d6\u308a\u5c02\u7528\u30e2\u30fc\u30c9\u306b\u5909\u66f4\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u8aad\u53d6\u308a\u5c02\u7528\u30e2\u30fc\u30c9\u306e\u8868\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u8ffd\u52a0\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u3001\u524a\u9664\u306f\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u8868\u306e\u524a\u9664\u306f\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u65e2\u5b58\u306e\u8868\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3092\u5909\u66f4\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306fALTER TABLE\u6587\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
ALTER TABLE\u6587\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u64cd\u4f5c\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fb\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u5217\u306e\u8ffd\u52a0
\u30fb\u65e2\u5b58\u306e\u5217\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u306e\u5909\u66f4
\u30fb\u65e2\u5b58\u306e\u5217\u3078\u306e\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u5024\u306e\u8a2d\u5b9a
\u30fb\u65e2\u5b58\u306e\u5217\u3078\u306e\u5236\u7d04\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u30fb\u5236\u7d04\u8ffd\u52a0
\u30fb\u65e2\u5b58\u306e\u5217\u306e\u524a\u9664
\u30fb\u65e2\u5b58\u306e\u5217\u540d\u306e\u5909\u66f4
\u30fb\u8868\u306e\u30e2\u30fc\u30c9\u5909\u66f4(\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u308a\/\u66f8\u304d\u8fbc\u307f\u30e2\u30fc\u30c9\u3001\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u308a\u5c02\u7528\u30e2\u30fc\u30c9)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bcFOREING KEY\u5236\u7d04\u306e\u524a\u9664
\u8a2d\u554f\u306ePARENT\u8868\u306eID\u5217\u306f\u3001CHILD\u8868\u306eDEPTID\u5217\u304b\u3089FOREIGN KEY\u5236\u7d04(\u53c2\u7167\u6574\u5408\u6027\u5236\u7d04\u3068\u3082\u547c\u3070\u308c\u307e\u3059)\u306e\u89aa\u30ad\u30fc\u3068\u3057\u3066\u53c2\u7167\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u53c2\u7167\u3059\u308b\u5074\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3001\u5b50\u30ec\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u89aa\u30ec\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u5148\u306b\u5b50\u30ec\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3001FOREIGN KEY\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u7121\u52b9\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u89aa\u30ec\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3082\u3057\u304f\u306f\u3001CHILD\u8868\u306eFOREIGN KEY\u5236\u7d04\u306bON DELETE\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u518d\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u3001\u89aa\u30ec\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u524a\u9664\u6642\u306e\u51e6\u7406\u3092\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
ALTER TABLE\u6587\u3067\u65e2\u5b58\u306e\u8868\u306e\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u7121\u52b9\u5316\u3001\u3082\u3057\u304f\u306f\u6709\u52b9\u5316\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000ALTER TABLE \u8868\u540d DISABLE | ENABLE CONSTRAINT \u5236\u7d04\u540d;
\u2193\u2193\u2193FOREING KEY\u5236\u7d04\u306e\u524a\u9664SQL\u6587
\u30fbALTER TABLE child DISABLE CONSTRAINT dept_fk;
\u30fbDELETE FROM child WHERE deptid = 1;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bcSET UNUSED\u53e5
ALTER TABLE\u6587\u3067\u65e2\u5b58\u306e\u8868\u306e\u5217\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u5217\u306e\u524a\u9664\u4e2d\u306f\u8868\u306b\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u304c\u304b\u304b\u308a\u3001\u5217\u306b\u591a\u304f\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u524a\u9664\u306b\u6642\u9593\u304c\u304b\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u591a\u304f\u306e\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u304c\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308b\u6642\u9593\u5e2f\u306b\u8ca0\u8377\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u524a\u9664\u51e6\u7406\u3092\u884c\u3044\u305f\u304f\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u524a\u9664\u3057\u305f\u3044\u5217\u306bUNUSED\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u3092\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u306b\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000ALTER TABLE \u8868\u540d SET UNUSED ( \u5217\u540d [, \u5217\u540d…]) [CASCADE CONSTRAINTS];<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u203b1\u3064\u306e\u5217\u306e\u307fUNUSED\u306b\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u69cb\u6587\u3082\u4f7f\u7528\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3000ALTER TABLE \u8868\u540d SET UNUSED COLUMN \u5217\u540d [CASCADE CONSTRAINTS];<\/p>\n\n\n\n
UNUSED\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u5217\u306f\u3001\u6b21\u306eALTER TABLE\u6587\u3067\u524a\u9664\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u8ca0\u8377\u306e\u4f4e\u3044\u6642\u9593\u5e2f\u306b\u884c\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000ALTER TABLE \u8868\u540d DROP UNUSED COLUMNS;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SET UNUSED\u53e5\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9805\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u30fbUNUSED\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u5217\u306f\u623b\u305b\u305a\u3001DESCRIBE\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u306a\u3069\u3067\u5217\u540d\u3084\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3067\u304d\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308b
\u30fbUNUSED\u306b\u3057\u305f\u5217\u306b\u4f5c\u6210\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7d22\u5f15\u3084\u5236\u7d04\u306f\u524a\u9664\u3055\u308c\u308b
\u30fbUNUSED\u306b\u3057\u305f\u5217\u3068\u540c\u3058\u540d\u524d\u306e\u5217\u3092\u8868\u306b\u8ffd\u52a0\u3067\u304d\u308b
\u30fbUNUSED\u306b\u3057\u305f\u5217\u306e\u8868\u540d\u3068\u5217\u6570\u306f\u300cUSER_UNUSED_COL_TABS\u300d\u30c7\u30a3\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30ca\u30ea\u3067\u78ba\u8a8d\u3067\u304d\u308b
\u30fb\u8868\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u305f\u30b7\u30ce\u30cb\u30e0\u306e\u518d\u4f5c\u6210\u306f\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u3044
\u30fbUNUSED\u306b\u3057\u305f\u5217\u3092\u542b\u3080\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u306f\u7121\u52b9\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3088\u308a\u3001
\u30fbUNUSED\u306b\u3057\u305f\u5217\u306e\u7d22\u5f15\u3068\u5236\u7d04\u306f\u524a\u9664\u3055\u308c\u308b
\u30fbUNUSED\u306b\u3057\u305f\u5217\u306f\u3001ALTER TABLE … DROP UNUSED COLUMNS\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u3067\u524a\u9664\u3059\u308b
\u30fbUNUSED\u306b\u3057\u305f\u5217\u3092\u542b\u3080\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u306f\u7121\u52b9\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
UNUSED\u64cd\u4f5c\u306f\u53d6\u6d88\u3057\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
UNUSED\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u5217\u306f\u524a\u9664\u3057\u305f\u5217\u3068\u540c\u3058\u6271\u3044\u306b\u306a\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001SET UNUSED\u53e5\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u305f\u76f4\u5f8c\u304b\u3089\u540c\u3058\u540d\u524d\u306e\u5217\u3092\u8868\u306b\u8ffd\u52a0\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u5217\u3092UNUSED\u306b\u3059\u308b\u524d\u306e\u8868\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u305f\u30b7\u30ce\u30cb\u30e0\u306f\u3001\u518d\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u6b63\u5e38\u306b\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5217\u3092UNUSED\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u524a\u9664\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
     <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0CREATE TABLE22<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u4f8b\uff09
CREATE TABLE child
(
\u3000id NUMBER(2),
\u3000name VARCHAR2(10),
\u3000deptid NUMBER(2),
\u3000deptname VARCHAR2(10),
\u3000CONSTRAINT dept_fk FOREIGN KEY (deptid, deptname) REFERENCES parent (id, dept_name)
);
FOREIGN KEY\u5236\u7d04\u3067\u53c2\u7167\u3067\u304d\u308b\u89aa\u8868\u306e\u5217\u306f\u3001PRIMARY KEY\u5236\u7d04\u307e\u305f\u306fUNIQUE\u5236\u7d04\u304c\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5217\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3059\u3002
FOREIGN KEY\u5236\u7d04\u306e\u53c2\u7167\u5148\u306bPRIMARY KEY\u5236\u7d04\u307e\u305f\u306fUNIQUE\u5236\u7d04\u304c\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u5217\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3068\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u25bcOREIGN KEY\u5236\u7d04
CREATE TABLE parent
\u3000(
\u3000\u3000id NUMBER(2) CONSTRAINT pid_pk PRIMARY KEY,
\u3000\u3000dept_name VARCHAR2(10)
\u3000);<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000CREATE TABLE child
\u3000(
\u3000\u3000id NUMBER(2) CONSTRAINT cid_pk PRIMARY KEY,
\u3000\u3000name VARCHAR2(10) CONSTRAINT cname_uq UNIQUE,
\u3000\u3000deptid NUMBER(2) CONSTRAINT dept_fk REFERENCES parent (id) ON DELETE CASCADE
\u3000);<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000INSERT INTO parent VALUES (1, ‘parent’);
\u3000INSERT INTO child VALUES (10, ‘child’, 1);<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3053\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u6b63\u5e38\u306b\u5b9f\u884c\u3067\u304d\u308bSQL\u6587\u306f\u3069\u308c\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
DELETE FROM parent;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
PARENT\u8868\u306fCHILD\u8868\u306eFOREIGN KEY\u5236\u7d04(\u53c2\u7167\u6574\u5408\u6027\u5236\u7d04\u3068\u3082\u547c\u3070\u308c\u307e\u3059)\u306e\u89aa\u8868\u3068\u3057\u3066\u53c2\u7167\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u53c2\u7167\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u884c\u304c\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3082\u3001\u5b50\u8868\u3088\u308a\u3082\u5148\u306b\u89aa\u8868\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002DROP TABLE\u6587\u306f\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3057\u304b\u3057\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u524a\u9664\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001FOREIGN KEY\u5236\u7d04\u306bON DELETE\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001
\u89aa\u8868\u306e\u884c\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306b\u5b50\u8868\u306e\u884c\u3092\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u8a2d\u554f\u306eCHILD\u8868\u306eFOREIGN KEY\u5236\u7d04\u306b\u306f\u300cON DELETE CASCADE\u300d\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001
PARENT\u8868\u306e\u884c\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3068\u5b50\u8868\u306e\u884c\u3082\u524a\u9664\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001DELETE\u6587\u306f\u6b63\u5e38\u306b\u5b9f\u884c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
TRUNCATE TABLE\u6587\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001FOREIGN KEY\u5236\u7d04\u306e\u89aa\u8868\u3092\u5207\u308a\u6368\u3066\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Oracle Database\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
UNIQUE\u5236\u7d04\u304c\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5217\u306bNULL\u5024\u3092\u683c\u7d0d\u3067\u304d\u308b
FOREIGN KEY\u5236\u7d04\u304c\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5217\u306bNULL\u5024\u3092\u683c\u7d0d\u3067\u304d\u308b
CHECK\u5236\u7d04\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u6761\u4ef6\u306b\u306f\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u5236\u9650\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002CURRVAL,NEXTVAL,LEVEL,ROWNUM\u7591\u4f3c\u5217\u306e\u53c2\u7167\u306f\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
\u8868\u306e\u4f5c\u6210\u6642\u3001PRIMARY KEY\u5236\u7d04\u306f\u5fc5\u305a\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
NOT NULL\u5236\u7d04\u306f\u5217\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u3057\u304b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u4f8b\uff09
\u30fbCREATE TABLE sales2
\u3000\u3000AS
\u3000SELECT prod_id, cust_id, sysdate FROM sales;
\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306eSELECT\u53e5\u306b\u8a08\u7b97\u5f0f\u3084\u95a2\u6570\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u8a08\u7b97\u5f0f\u3084\u95a2\u6570\u306b\u5217\u5225\u540d\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3001
CREATE TABLE\u6587\u3067\u5217\u540d\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306eSELECT\u53e5\u306bSYSDATE\u95a2\u6570\u304c\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001SALES2\u8868\u306b\u5217\u540d\u306f\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u3089\u305a\u3001
\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3067\u3082SYSDATE\u95a2\u6570\u306b\u5217\u5225\u540d\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u6b21\u306e\u8981\u4ef6\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u8868\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u3069\u306eSQL\u6587\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304b(2\u3064\u9078\u629e\u3057\u3066\u4e0b\u3055\u3044)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u30fbUSER_ID\u306f\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba8\u306e\u6570\u5024\u578b\u3067\u3001NULL\u5024\u3092\u5165\u529b\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044
\u3000\u30fbLOGIN_PWD\u306f\u6587\u5b57\u578b\u3067\u3001NULL\u5024\u3092\u5165\u529b\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044
\u3000\u30fbUSER_ID, LOGIN_PWD\u306e\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u305b\u306f\u4e00\u610f\u3067\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3051\u306a\u3044
\u3000\u30fbREGISTRATION_DATE\u306f\u65e5\u4ed8\u578b\u3067\u3001\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u5024\u306f\u5f53\u65e5\u306e\u65e5\u4ed8
\u3000\u30fbAGE\u306f\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba3\u306e\u6570\u5024\u578b\u3067\u3001\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u5024\u306f20
\u3000\u30fbEMAIL\u306f\u6587\u5b57\u578b\u3067\u3001\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u5024\u306f\u300cno@email.com\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u4f8b\uff09
\u30fbCREATE TABLE tmp (
\u3000user_id NUMBER(8) CONSTRAINT user_nn NOT NULL,
\u3000login_pwd VARCHAR2(20) CONSTRAINT login_nn NOT NULL,
\u3000registration_date DATE DEFAULT = SYSDATE,
\u3000age NUMBER(3) DEFAULT = 20,
\u3000email VARCHAR2(40) DEFAULT = ‘no@email.com’,
\u3000CONSTRAINT user_log_uk UNIQUE (user_id, login_pwd));
\u5217\u306e\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u5024\u306f\u300c\u5217\u540d \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b DEFAULT \u5024\u300d\u306e\u66f8\u5f0f\u3067\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7b49\u53f7=\u306f\u4e0d\u8981\u306a\u306e\u3067\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u8aa4\u3063\u305fSQL\u6587\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u4f8b\uff09
\u30fbCREATE TABLE tmp (
\u3000user_id NUMBER(8) CONSTRAINT user_nn NOT NULL,
\u3000login_pwd VARCHAR2(20) CONSTRAINT login_nn NOT NULL,
\u3000registration_date DATE DEFAULT SYSDATE,
\u3000age NUMBER(3) DEFAULT 20,
\u3000email VARCHAR2(40) DEFAULT ‘no@email.com’,
\u3000CONSTRAINT user_log_uk UNIQUE (user_id, login_pwd));
USER_ID\u3068LOGIN_PWD\u306b\u5217\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067NOT NULL\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u3001\u8868\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u4e21\u65b9\u306e\u5217\u306bUNIQUE\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u5404\u5217\u306e\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u5024\u3082\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u6b63\u3057\u3044SQL\u6587\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u4f8b\uff09
\u30fbCREATE TABLE tmp (
\u3000user_id NUMBER(8),
\u3000login_pwd VARCHAR2(20),
\u3000registration_date DATE DEFAULT SYSDATE,
\u3000age NUMBER(3) DEFAULT 20,
\u3000email VARCHAR2(40) DEFAULT ‘no@email.com’,
\u3000CONSTRAINT user_nn NOT NULL (user_id),
\u3000CONSTRAINT login_nn NOT NULL (login_pwd),
\u3000CONSTRAINT user_log_uk UNIQUE (user_id, login_pwd));
\u8868\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067NOT NULL\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001NOT NULL\u5236\u7d04\u306f\u5217\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u3057\u304b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u8aa4\u3063\u305fSQL\u6587\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u4f8b\uff09
\u30fbCREATE TABLE tmp (
\u3000user_id NUMBER(8),
\u3000login_pwd VARCHAR2(20),
\u3000registration_date DATE DEFAULT SYSDATE,
\u3000age NUMBER(3) DEFAULT 20,
\u3000email VARCHAR2(40) DEFAULT ‘no@email.com’,
\u3000CONSTRAINT user_log_pk PRIMARY KEY (user_id, login_pwd));
PRIMARY KEY\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5217\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5217\u306e\u7d44\u5408\u305b\u306b\u91cd\u8907\u3057\u305f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3084NULL\u5024\u3092\u767b\u9332\u3067\u304d\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6b63\u3057\u3044SQL\u6587\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u4f8b\uff09
\u30fbCREATE TABLE tmp (
\u3000user_id NUMBER(8) CONSTRAINT user_nn NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT user_uk UNIQUE,
\u3000login_pwd VARCHAR2(20) CONSTRAINT login_nn NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT login_uk UNIQUE,
\u3000registration_date DATE DEFAULT SYSDATE,
\u3000age NUMBER(3) DEFAULT 20,
\u3000email VARCHAR2(40) DEFAULT ‘no@email.com’);
1\u3064\u306e\u5217\u306b\u8907\u6570\u306e\u5217\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u30b9\u30da\u30fc\u30b9\u3067\u533a\u5207\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u300c,\u300d\u3067\u533a\u5207\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u307e\u305f\u3001\u8907\u6570\u306e\u5217\u306e\u7d44\u5408\u305b\u306bUNIQUE\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u8868\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u8aa4\u3063\u305fSQL\u6587\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5217\u306e\u7d44\u5408\u305b\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066PRIMARY KEY\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u8868\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
CHECK\u5236\u7d04\u306fWHERE\u53e5\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306e\u6307\u5b9a\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001SYSDATE\u95a2\u6570\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u7b49\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u5236\u9650\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
CHECK\u5236\u7d04\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u306b\u306fWHERE\u53e5\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306e\u6307\u5b9a\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002BETWEEN\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u3082\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
FOREIGN KEY\u5236\u7d04\u306f\u5217\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3001\u8868\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u3069\u3061\u3089\u3067\u3082\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u5217\u306e\u7d44\u5408\u305b\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066FOREIGN KEY\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u8868\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u4f8b\uff09
CREATE TABLE temp
(
\u3000id NUMBER(2) CONSTRAINT temp_uq UNIQUE (id, name),
\u3000name VARCHAR2(10) CONSTRAINT name_nn NOT NULL,
\u3000birth DATE
);<\/p>\n\n\n\n
CREATE TABLE temp
(
\u3000id NUMBER(2) CONSTRAINT id_uq UNIQUE,
\u3000name VARCHAR2(10) CONSTRAINT name_nn NOT NULL,
\u3000birth DATE,
\u3000CONSTRAINT temp_uq UNIQUE
);
UNIQUE\u5236\u7d04\u306f\u5217\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3001\u8868\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u3069\u3061\u3089\u3067\u3082\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001
\u8907\u6570\u306e\u5217\u306e\u7d44\u5408\u305b\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066UNIQUE\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u8868\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
\u307e\u305f\u3001\u8868\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u5217\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
EMPLOYEES2\u8868\u306eEMP_ID\u5217\u306b\u306f\u91cd\u8907\u3057\u305f\u5024\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u767b\u9332\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
PRIMARY KEY\u5236\u7d04\u304c\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5217\u306b\u306f\u91cd\u8907\u3057\u305f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3084NULL\u5024\u306f\u683c\u7d0d\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u306e\u3067\u3001
EMP_ID\u5217\u306b\u306fPRIMARY KEY\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u65e2\u306b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u767b\u9332\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8868\u306b\u5f8c\u304b\u3089\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u8ffd\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u4e8b\u306f\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u767b\u9332\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c
\u8ffd\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u5236\u7d04\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u306e\u3067\u6ce8\u610f\u3057\u3066\u4e0b\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0\u9806\u5e8f 2
\u9806\u5e8f\u306fCREATE SEQUENCE\u6587\u3067\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u3001ALTER SEQUENCE\u6587\u3067\u5909\u66f4\u3001DROP SEQUENCE\u6587\u3067\u524a\u9664\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u305f\u9806\u5e8f\u304b\u3089\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u9806\u5e8f\u5024\u3092\u53d6\u5f97\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u9806\u5e8f\u5024\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001NEXTVAL\u7591\u4f3c\u5217\u3001
CURRVAL\u7591\u4f3c\u5217\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001CURRVAL\u7591\u4f3c\u5217\u306f\u3001
\u9806\u5e8f\u751f\u6210\u5f8c\u306b\u4e00\u5ea6NEXTVAL\u7591\u4f3c\u5217\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u3066\u304b\u3089\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fb\u9806\u5e8f\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001DROP SEQUENCE\u6587\u3067\u524a\u9664\u3059\u308b
\u30fb\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u958b\u59cb\u5f8c\u3001CURRVAL\u7591\u4f3c\u5217\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3059\u308b\u524d\u306bNEXTVAL\u7591\u4f3c\u5217\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044
\u30fb\u9806\u5e8f\u306f\u8868\u3068\u95a2\u9023\u4ed8\u3051\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3001\u8907\u6570\u306e\u8868\u30671\u3064\u306e\u9806\u5e8f\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u30fb\u9806\u5e8f\u5024\u304c\u30ad\u30e3\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u72b6\u614b\u306e\u6642\u306b\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u304c\u30af\u30e9\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u4e0a\u306b\u30ad\u30e3\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u9806\u5e8f\u5024\u306f
\u3000\u5931\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3044\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u518d\u8d77\u52d5\u5f8c\u3082\u5fa9\u5e30\u306f\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u9806\u5e8f\u5024\u306b\u6b20\u756a\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u30fbALTER SEQUENCE\u6587\u3067\u6700\u5927\u5024\u306e\u5909\u66f4\u306f\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5f8c\u304b\u3089\u5909\u66f4\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u306e\u306f\u521d\u671f\u5024\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0\u30b7\u30ce\u30cb\u30e0
\u30d7\u30e9\u30a4\u30d9\u30fc\u30c8\u30b7\u30ce\u30cb\u30e0\u306fCREATE SYNONYM\u6a29\u9650\u3092\u6301\u3064\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4f5c\u6210\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u30d7\u30e9\u30a4\u30d9\u30fc\u30c8\u30b7\u30ce\u30cb\u30e0\u306f\u3001CREATE SYNONYM\u6587\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4f5c\u6210\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u25bc\u4f8b\uff09
\u30fbCREATE SYNONYM dept FOR departments;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fbCREATE PUBLIC SYNONYM dept FOR departments;
CREATE SYNONYM\u6587\u306bPUBLIC\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u30d1\u30d6\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u30b7\u30ce\u30cb\u30e0\u304c\u4f5c\u6210\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u4f8b
\u30fbCREATE PRIVATE SYNONYM dept FOR departments;
CREATE SYNONYM\u6587\u306bPRIVATE\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u30b7\u30ce\u30cb\u30e0\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u30b7\u30ce\u30cb\u30e0\u304c\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u8868\u81ea\u4f53\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
\u307e\u305f\u3001\u30b7\u30ce\u30cb\u30e0\u304c\u4f5c\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8868\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u30b7\u30ce\u30cb\u30e0\u306f\u524a\u9664\u3055\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u306a\u3069\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3082\u30b7\u30ce\u30cb\u30e0\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u30d1\u30d6\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u30b7\u30ce\u30cb\u30e0\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u305d\u306e\u8868\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u53c2\u7167\u6a29\u9650\u304c\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u8868\u304b\u3089\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u305b\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
\u81ea\u8eab\u304c\u6240\u6709\u3059\u308b\u8868\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3082\u30b7\u30ce\u30cb\u30e0\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
       <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0\u7d22\u5f15
\u7d22\u5f15\u306f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u691c\u7d22\u3092\u9ad8\u901f\u5316\u3059\u308b\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u30fb\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3067\u3059\u3002
\u8868\u306e\u5217\u306b\u7d22\u5f15\u304c\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u304c\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5217\u306e\u5024\u3068\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7269\u7406\u7684\u306a\u683c\u7d0d\u5834\u6240\uff08ROWID\uff09\u3092\u767b\u9332\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u7d22\u5f15\u304c\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u8868\u3067\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u691c\u7d22\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u306b\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u3001
\u8868\u306e\u5148\u982d\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304b\u30891\u884c\u305a\u3064\u691c\u7d22\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u5927\u91cf\u306b\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306f\u76f8\u5f53\u306e\u6642\u9593\u304c\u304b\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3057\u304b\u3057\u7d22\u5f15\u3092\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8868\u3067\u306f\u3001ROWID\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u691c\u7d22\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001
\u5927\u91cf\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u4e2d\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3082\u9ad8\u901f\u306b\u76ee\u7684\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u63a2\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u307e\u305f\u3001\u8868\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066DML\u6587\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u5ea6\u306b\u3001\u8868\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7d22\u5f15\u306f\u30e1\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u30f3\u30b9\uff08\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u66f4\u65b0\uff09\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3088\u308a\u3001
\u30fb\u8868\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3078\u306e\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3092\u9ad8\u901f\u5316\u3059\u308b
\u30fb\u7d22\u5f15\u3092\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8868\u3067\u306fROWID\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u691c\u7d22\u3059\u308b
\u30fbDML\u6587\u5b9f\u884c\u6642\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u304c\u30e1\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u30f3\u30b9\u3055\u308c\u308b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
FOREIGN KEY\u5236\u7d04\u5b9a\u7fa9\u6642\u3001\u81ea\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u5236\u7d04\u306f\u4f5c\u6210\u3055\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002PRIMARY KEY\u5236\u7d04\u307e\u305f\u306fUNIQUE\u5236\u7d04\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u6642\u306b\u4e00\u610f\u7d22\u5f15\u304c\u81ea\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u4f5c\u6210\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u7d22\u5f15\u3092\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8868\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7d22\u5f15\u306f\u81ea\u52d5\u3067\u524a\u9664\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u5217\u306e\u7d44\u5408\u305b\u306b\u7d22\u5f15\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc
\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308b\u76ee\u7684\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fb\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3078\u306e\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u5236\u5fa1
\u30fb\u8907\u96d1\u306aSQL\u6587\u306e\u7c21\u7d20\u5316
\u30fb\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u3092\u78ba\u4fdd
\u30fb\u540c\u3058\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u7570\u306a\u308b\u8996\u70b9\u3067\u8868\u793a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u203b\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306e\u30d1\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u5411\u4e0a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53c2\u8003\uff1a
\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u3068\u306f\u30011\u3064\u307e\u305f\u306f\u8907\u6570\u306e\u8868\u3084\u4ed6\u306e\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u3092\u57fa\u306b\u3057\u3066\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u4eee\u60f3\u7684\u306a\u8868\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002
\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u306b\u306f\u5b9f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306f\u542b\u307e\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001
Oracle\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u306f\u3001\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u306e\u57fa\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5b9f\u8868\u3078\u554f\u3044\u5408\u308f\u305b\u51e6\u7406\u3092\u884c\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308b\u76ee\u7684\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3078\u306e\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u5236\u5fa1]
\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308bSELECT\u6587\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u306b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5217\u306b\u3057\u304b\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
\u8868\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u5217\u306e\u5024\u3092\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u306b\u53c2\u7167\u3055\u305b\u305f\u304f\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306a\u3069\u306b\u3001\u53c2\u7167\u3055\u305b\u305f\u304f\u306a\u3044\u5217\u3092\u9664\u3044\u305f\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u3001
\u9069\u5207\u306a\u6a29\u9650\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3092\u5236\u9650\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[\u8907\u96d1\u306aSQL\u6587\u306e\u7c21\u7d20\u5316]
\u8907\u6570\u306e\u8868\u3092\u7d50\u5408\u3057\u3066\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3092\u884c\u3046\u5834\u5408\u3001\u4e88\u3081\u305d\u306e\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3067\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3068\u3001
\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3092\u6bce\u56de\u884c\u3046\u5fc5\u8981\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u554f\u5408\u305b\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u3092\u78ba\u4fdd]
\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u306e\u57fa\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5b9f\u8868\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u306b\u5909\u66f4\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u5f8c\u3067\u3082\u3001\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u306b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5217\u306b\u5909\u66f4\u304c\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001
\u5909\u66f4\u524d\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u306b\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[\u540c\u3058\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u7570\u306a\u308b\u8996\u70b9\u3067\u8868\u793a]
\u3042\u308b\u8868\u304b\u3089\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u3059\u5834\u5408\u3001\u6240\u5c5e\u3059\u308b\u90e8\u7f72\u3084\u5f79\u8077\u306a\u3069\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u3059\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u60c5\u5831\u304c\u7570\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u8996\u70b9\u3067\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3068\u3001\u540c\u3058\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u7570\u306a\u308b\u8996\u70b9\u3067\u8868\u793a\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5358\u4e00\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u3068\u8907\u5408\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u306e2\u7a2e\u985e\u306e\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u25bcUSER_CONS_COLUMNS\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc
USER_CONS_COLUMNS\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u306f\u3001\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u306b\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3059\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u304c\u6240\u6709\u3057\u3066\u3044\u3066\u3001
\u5236\u7d04\u304c\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5217\u3092\u8868\u793a\u3059\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30fb\u30c7\u30a3\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30ca\u30ea\u30fb\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u3067\u3059\u3002
\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30fb\u30c7\u30a3\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30ca\u30ea\u30fb\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u3068\u306f\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u5185\u306e\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3084\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u3001
\u6a29\u9650\u306a\u3069\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u60c5\u5831\u304c\u683c\u7d0d\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u76f4\u63a5\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30fb\u30c7\u30a3\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30ca\u30ea\u8868\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fb\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u6240\u6709\u306e\u3001\u5236\u7d04\u304c\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5217\u3092\u8868\u793a\u3059\u308b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bcALL_CONS_COLUMNS\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc
\u30fb\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u304c\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3001\u5236\u7d04\u304c\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5168\u3066\u306e\u5217\u3092\u8868\u793a\u3059\u308b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bcUSER_CONSTRAINTS\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc
\u30fb\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u6240\u6709\u306e\u8868\u306e\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u8868\u793a\u3059\u308b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bcALL_CONSTRAINTS\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc
\u30fb\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u304c\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3067\u304d\u308b\u8868\u306e\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u8868\u793a\u3059\u308b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
       <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b
CHAR\u578b\u306f\u6700\u59272,000\u30d0\u30a4\u30c8\u307e\u3067\u306e\u6587\u5b57\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u683c\u7d0d\u3067\u304d\u308b\u56fa\u5b9a\u9577\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u3067\u3059\u3002
CHAR(5)\u306b\u300cabc\u300d\u304c\u683c\u7d0d\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u672b\u5c3e\u306b\u7a7a\u767d\u3092\u8ffd\u52a0\u3057\u3001\u9577\u3055\u304c5\u30d0\u30a4\u30c8\u306e\u300cabc \u300d\u3092\u683c\u7d0d\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u307e\u305f\u3001LONG\u578b\u306f\u6700\u59272GB\u307e\u3067\u306e\u6587\u5b57\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u683c\u7d0d\u3067\u304d\u308b\u53ef\u5909\u9577\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5236\u7d04\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u30fbLONG\u578b\u306e\u5217\u306f1\u3064\u306e\u8868\u306b1\u3064\u3060\u3051\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3067\u304d\u308b
\u30fbLONG\u578b\u306e\u5217\u306b\u306f\u5236\u7d04\u306f\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044(NULL\u304a\u3088\u3073NOT NULL\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u9664\u304f)
\u30fbLONG\u578b\u306e\u5217\u306fGROUP BY\u53e5\u3068ORDER BY\u53e5\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044
\u30fb\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8868\u306e\u4f5c\u6210\u6642\u3001LONG\u578b\u306e\u5217\u306f\u30b3\u30d4\u30fc\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
VARCHAR2\u578b\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u306e\u6307\u5b9a\u306f\u7701\u7565\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
BFILE\u578b\u306f\u6700\u59274GB\u307e\u3067\u306e\u30d0\u30a4\u30ca\u30ea\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u683c\u7d0d\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3001\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u308a\u5c02\u7528\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u3067\u3059\u3002
\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306fOracle\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u5185\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001OS\u4e0a\u306b\u30d0\u30a4\u30ca\u30ea\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb(\u52d5\u753b\u3084\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8)\u3068\u3057\u3066\u683c\u7d0d\u3055\u308c\u3001
\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u307f\u304c\u683c\u7d0d\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25bc\u30d0\u30a4\u30ca\u30ea\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u6271\u3046\u4e3b\u306a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u306a\u304a\u3001LONG RAW\u578b\u306fLONG\u578b\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u5236\u9650\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30fbLONG RAW\u578b\u306e\u5217\u306f1\u3064\u306e\u8868\u306b1\u3064\u3060\u3051\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3067\u304d\u308b
\u30fbLONG RAW\u578b\u306e\u5217\u306b\u306f\u5236\u7d04\u306f\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044
\u30fbLONG RAW\u578b\u306e\u5217\u306fGROUP BY\u53e5\u3068ORDER BY\u53e5\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044
\u30fb\u526f\u554f\u5408\u305b\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8868\u306e\u4f5c\u6210\u6642\u3001LONG RAW\u578b\u306e\u5217\u306f\u30b3\u30d4\u30fc\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044<\/p>\n\n\n\n
           <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u25a0\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u30fb\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8
\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u30fb\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3068\u306f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306b\u683c\u7d0d\u3059\u308b\u8868\u3084\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u306a\u3069\u306e\u7dcf\u79f0\u3067\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u306b\u6240\u6709\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002
\u8a18\u61b6\u57df\u3084\u30ed\u30fc\u30eb\u3001\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u7b49\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u5168\u4f53\u3067\u5171\u6709\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306f\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u30fb\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3088\u308a\u3001
\u30fb\u8868
\u30fb\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc
\u30fb\u30b7\u30ce\u30cb\u30e0
\u30fb\u7d22\u5f15
\u30fb\u9806\u5e8f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53c2\u8003\uff1a
\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306b\u683c\u7d0d\u3067\u304d\u308b\u8868\u3084\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u306a\u3069\u3092\u7dcf\u79f0\u3057\u3066\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u30fb\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3068\u8a00\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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